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From Flashcardlet > Clin Med: Eye > Flashcards

Clin Med: Eye Flashcards

1
Q

What symptoms would someone with orbital cellulitis present with?

A

Pain, swelling and redness around the orbit
Eye pain, especially with movement
Bulging eyes
Fever

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2
Q

How would you treat a patient with orbital cellulitis?

A

Hospitalize them
Antibiotics
Drain abscess

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3
Q

What tests would you order for your patient with suspected orbital cellulitis?

A

CBC
Blood culture
Spinal tap

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4
Q

Does amaurosis fugax generally affect one or both eyes?

A

Amaurosis fugax affects one eye

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5
Q

How do you treat a patient with amaurosis fugax?

A

Refer them for opthalmology and internal med consultations

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6
Q

What tests would you order for your patient with suspected amaurosis fugax?

A 
PT
PTT
INR
Glucose
Cardiac workup
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7
Q

Which microbe causes hordeolum?

A

Staph

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8
Q

Which is tender: hordeolum or chalazion?

A

Hordeolum is tender

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9
Q

How would you treat your patient with a hordeolum?

A

Warm compress
Incision if indicated
Antibiotics during acute stage

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10
Q

What is a chalazion?

A

Granulomatous inflammation of meibomian gland

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11
Q

How would you treat a patient with a chalazion?

A

Incision and curettage

25% will resolve spontaneously in a few months

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12
Q

Is blepharitis generally bilateral or unilateral?

A

Blepharitis is bilateral

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13
Q

Does anterior or posterior blepharitis involve the presence of collarettes?

A

Anterior blepharitis

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14
Q

Which microbe is anterior blepharitis associated with?

A

Staph

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15
Q

What condition is posterior blepharitis associated with?

A

Acne rosacea

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16
Q

How would you treat a patient with anterior blepharitis?

A

Cleansing with hot damp wash cloth and baby shampoo

Anti-staph antibiotics (bacitracin, erythromycin)

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17
Q

How would you treat a patient with posterior blepharitis?

A

Popping the inflamed meibomian glands

Long-term low dose antibiotic with short-term topical corticosteroid

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18
Q

What would indicate that surgery is necessary to treat a patient with entropion?

A

Eyelashes rubbing on the cornea

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19
Q

What is the most common malignant eyelid tumor?

A

Basal cell carcinoma

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20
Q

Are the majority of eyelid cancers benign or malignant?

A

Benign (although 2% of tumors thought to be benign turn out to be malignant)

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21
Q

Is dacrocystitis generally bilateral or unilateral?

A

Generally unilateral

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22
Q

Which microbe is typically responsible for acute dacrocystitis?

A

Staph aureus

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23
Q

Which microbe is typically responsible for chronic dacrocystitis?

A

Staph epidermidits

24
Q

How would you treat a patient with acute dacrocystitis?

A

Oral Augmentin

25
Q

How would you treat a patient with chronic dacrocystitis?

A

Topical steroid drops

Warm compress

26
Q

What are some causes of xanthelasma?

A

Hyperlipidemia
Familial hypercholesterolemia
DM
Some cancers

27
Q

What tests would you order if you suspected xanthelasma?

A

Fasting lipids

28
Q

How would you treat xanthelasma?

A

Treat lipid levels

29
Q

What are two microbial causes of conjunctivitis?

A

Gonococcal

Chlamydial

30
Q

What is the most common cause of viral conjunctivitis?

A

Adenovirus

31
Q

Would copious watery discharge indicate viral or bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

Viral

32
Q

Would copious purulent discharge indicate viral or bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

Bacterial

33
Q

A patient states that it feels like something gritty is stuck in their eyes. Does this indicate viral or bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

Viral

34
Q

Does loss of vision indicate bacterial or viral conjunctivitis?

A

Viral

35
Q

Which virus could be responsible for unilateral conjunctivitis?

A

Herpes Simplex Virus

36
Q

How would you treat viral conjunctivitis?

A

Cold compresses

Can use topical sulfonamides to prevent bacterial infection

37
Q

How would you treat bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

Topical sulfonamide

38
Q

What are 3 potential complications of chlamydial trachomatis?

A

Trachoma
Adult/neonatal inclusion conjunctivitis
Lymphogranuloma venereum

39
Q

What is the most common cause of blindness in the world?

A

Trachoma

40
Q

When would you notice neonatal inclusion conjunctivitis?

A

5-14 days after birth

41
Q

If follicular conjunctivitis doesn’t resolve with antibiotics, what should you consider?

A

Adult inclusion conjunctivitis

42
Q

If you suspect gonococcal conjunctivitis due to copious purulent discharge, how should you treat the patient?

A

IM antibiotics

Obtain culture to confirm diagnosis

43
Q

Which is a greater ophthalmologic emergency: chlamydial or gonococcal conjunctivitis?

A

Gonococcal because corneal involvement may rapidly lead to perforation

44
Q

Which population is affected dry eye more often: men or women?

A

Women

45
Q

What is the scientific name for dry eye?

A

Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca

46
Q

What technique would you use to evaluate keratoconjunctivitis sicca?

A

Slit lamp

47
Q

Is allergic eye disease a benign or malignant condition?

A

Benign

48
Q

What do “cobblestone” papillae on the upper tarsal conjunctiva indicate?

A

Vernal keratosis

49
Q

Your adult patient complains of itching and tearing eyes with some photophobia, and you find that the conjunctiva is injected, entropion with trichiasis present, and fornical shortening. What do you suspect?

A

Atopic keratoconjunctivitis

50
Q

How would you treat allergic eye disease?

A

Topical histamine receptor antagonist
Topical mast cell stabilizer
Oral antihistamine

51
Q

Your 65 year old patient comes back from spending their winter in Miami. Upon inspection, you notice a yellow thickening of the conjunctiva on the sclera. What just appeared on your differential diagnosis?

A

Pinguecula

52
Q

Your patient, a famous professional volleyball player, just came back from the Olympics. Upon inspection, you find a triangular encroachment of the conjunctiva from the nasal side of the cornea. What just appeared on your differential diagnosis?

A

Pterygium

53
Q

How would you treat pinguecula or pterygium?

A

Typically, no treatment is required

Can use artificial tears if indicated

54
Q

The professional volleyball player wants to have the pterygium surgically removed because her vision is worsening. What concerns do you have about that surgery?

A

Recurrent growths come back more aggressively than the original lesion.

55
Q

What are more common: infectious or noninfectious corneal ulcers?

A

Infectious corneal ulcers

From Flashcardlet (22 decks)

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