4.3 Dieases And The Immune System Flashcards
1
Q
What are pathogens?
A
They are organisms that cause disease
They take nutrition from the host as an energy source
2
Q
What are the four types of pathogens?
A
Bacteria
Fungi
Virus
Protoctista
3
Q
What is the structure of bacteria and what does it do?
Example
A
- it’s smaller than eukaryotic cells
- they reproduce rapidly
- they release toxins that damage cells
Eg. Meningitis
4
Q
What’s the structure of fungi and what do they do?
Example
A
- they often live in the skin… the hyphae from a mycelin
- the reproductive hyphae grow into skin and release spores ( redness to skin )
- they live in the vascular tissue of a plant… where nutrients are
- the hyphae release digestive enzymes that break down cellulose
Eg. Athletes foot
5
Q
What is the structure of protoctista and what do they do?
Example
A
- they need a vector to enter ( eg . Mosquito )
- feee on components of cells
Eg. Malaria
6
Q
Malaria
What does it have
?
A
- plasmodium has immature forms which feed on haemogoblin
7
Q
What is the structure of a virus and what does it do ?
Example
A
- they invade host cells and take over genetic machinery
- causes cell to make more copies
- can cause the host cell to burst
Eg. HIV
8
Q
What are the two types of transmission?
A
Direct and indirect
9
Q
What is direct transmission? ( examples )
A
- physical contact
- fecal transmission
- spores transmission
10
Q
What is indirect transmission ( examples )
A
- vectors
- pregnancy / birth … carried on via genes
11
Q
What are some factors that affect disease transmission? And explain each factor
A
- overcrowding - more people close therefore more likely to have direct transmission
- nutrition - pathageons can be in food or unbalanced
- compromised immune system - means that your more vulnerable to pathageons due to not strong enough defence
- climate change
- poor waste disposal
- lack of trained healthcare due to poor healthcare… less treatment so more likely to spread
