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Nursing 205 > Decision making and grp communication > Flashcards

Decision making and grp communication Flashcards

1
Q

What is decision making?

A

A process that chooses a preferred option or a course of actions from among a set of alternatives on the basis of given criteria or strategies

The cognitive process leading to the selection of a course of action among alternatives

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2
Q

Steps in the decision making process: 5

A
  1. define problem or opportunity
  2. diagnose
  3. planning
  4. implement
  5. evaluate
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3
Q

Problem solving

A

A comprehensive, sequential, cognitive process used to solve a problem by reducing the difference between current and desired conditions

Closing the gap between “what is” & “what should be”

A process that purposefully & constantly re-evaluates

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4
Q

Problem solving process: 7

A
  1. define the prob
  2. gather data
  3. analyze data
  4. develop solutions
  5. select solutions
  6. implement solutions
  7. evaluate result
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5
Q

Critical thinking-

A

A mode of thinking about any subject, content, or problem in which the thinker improves the quality of their thinking”

A contextual process of thinking ahead, thinking in action, & thinking back

Necessary to make decisions or solve problems

Allows for thinking outside the box

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6
Q

critical thinking/ decision making/ problem solving:

A

Resolving a problem and making decisions requires critical thinking

Problem solving is a process (ex. Nsg process)

Decision making requires you to make a choice between alternatives.

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7
Q

Put it all together chart:

A

you need:
intuitive, creative and ethical decision making.

you use critical thinking, scientific method and the nursing process, problem solving process and decision making process.

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8
Q

Clinical judgment:

A

An interpretation or conclusion about a patient’s needs, concerns, or health problems

It is the clinical application of decision making!

A series of decisions

Often a result of a problem but not always

Assists us to anticipate or prevent problems

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9
Q

Nature of Decision Making:

A

DM encourages competence, self-confidence and it empowers nurses

Decisions in nursing are made in relation to;
Context of nurse-patient relationship
Context & system of care delivery
Professional development & career context

Maintenance versus Greatness

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10
Q

Factors influencing decision making:
Intrinsic–5

Extrinsic–3

A

Intrinsic Factors;

  1. Personal Perception & Preference
  2. Knowledge & Experience
  3. Competence
  4. Self-Confidence
  5. Stress

Extrinsic Factors;

  1. Organizational Climate & Culture
  2. Patient Autonomy
  3. Legislation & Regulation
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11
Q

Conditions that influence decision making: 4

A
  1. Responsibility for the decision
  2. Comfort level in making decisions
  3. Adequate info or degree of information which followers have access to or are entitled to have
  4. Commitment value/acceptance priority
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12
Q

Pitfalls to effective decision making: 6

A
  1. Making decision on first available information
  2. Not wanting to ‘rock the boat’
  3. Justification for previous decisions
  4. Ignoring evidence that differs from opinion
  5. Presenting with a bias or leading question
  6. Inaccurately determining probabilities to solutions
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13
Q

Problem Solving in Nursing Practice: 7

A
  1. Identify the problem
  2. Gather data
  3. Analyze data
  4. Develop Solutions (Dec. Making)
  5. Select Solutions (Dec. Making)
  6. Implement the Solution
  7. Evaluate the result
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14
Q

Team vs. group decision: 3

A
  1. Not all groups become a team
  2. Groups are individuals who have an interdependent relationship
  3. Team members share ownership of purpose
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15
Q

Lines of Communication in Group Settings

Formal: 4.

Informal: 1 + 5 points

A

Formal

  1. Downward – top down
  2. Upward
  3. Horizontal/Lateral
  4. Diagonal

Informal

  1. Grapevine
    a) Ingrained
    b) Co-exists with formal lines
    c) Info distorted 75%
    d) Affects morale
    e) Rapid & influential
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16
Q

Advantages of Participatory/Group DM: 4

A
  1. Improves quality of decision by having group involvement.
  2. More ideas generated by a group than individual.
  3. Decisions are more accepted & committed to by participants.
  4. Implementation is easier if individuals are involved in the process.
17
Q

Disadvantages of Participatory/Group DM: 5

A
  1. Requires more time.
  2. Unequal power among group members.
  3. Dominant personalities may influence unduly.
  4. Focus is on the group versus the task.
  5. Socializing & camaraderie can slow down the process.
18
Q

4 types of group decision making strategies:

A
  1. Nominal Group Activity
    (Time consuming)
  2. Delphi- Differs from nominal - involves questionnaire responses not in person
  3. Consensus Building
    “an opinion or position reached by a group as a whole”
  4. Groupthink
    Differs from Consensus because the goal of groupthink is to have opinions and decisions valued by 100% of the group
19
Q

4 types of group decision making strategies:

  1. Nominal group activity:
  2. Delphi:
A 
NGA:
1. everyone writes out idea
2. presentation of ideas on flip charts
3. discussion and clarification of ideas
4. private vote
solution is the highest ranked idea by greatest number of votes

Delphi:
1. collecting opinions via questionnaire
2. responses tabulated, analyzed and summarized
3. disseminated back to group until consensus is reached
can be effective with large grp and generates many ideas

20
Q

4 types of group decision making strategies:

  1. Consensus Buliding:
A
  1. Not a stepped procedure
  2. Coming to a solution that is acceptable
  3. Not a decision with total agreement by all members however all members need to accept/commit to the decision
  4. Advantage – all members participate
  5. Disadvantage – time consuming

Reserve this DM strategy for important decisions that participants will have to live/work with. Need ‘buy in’

21
Q

4 types of group decision making strategies:

  1. Groupthink:
A

differs from consensus because need 100% vote
1. Group questioning or ideas are discouraged

  1. Requires a strong leader to encourage all members to think independently
  2. Opinions are collected by the leader.
  3. Time allocated to allow members to gather data and reflect
  4. Disadvantage – hinders creativity
22
Q

Phases of Group Development: 5

A
  1. Forming – group awareness
  2. Storming – tension/conflict arises
  3. Norming –cohesiveness established
  4. Performing – progress being made
  5. Adjourning – reflection/evaluation/closure
23
Q

Group Leadership
How do you become a leader in your group?

Imposed Leadership-

Emergent leadership-

A
  1. Imposed Leadership
    - -A leader is formally designated or appointed by a person, group or organization
  2. Emergent Leadership
    - -A leader is informally chosen
    - -The group recognizes an individual’s ability or level of influence & selects him or her
24
Q

Personalities within a Group: 5

A
  1. Criticizer – Finds fault
  2. Passive – Will not take a stand
  3. Detailer – Focused on facts/narrow focus
  4. Controller – Monopolize the discussion
  5. Pleaser – Will not oppose/very agreeable
25
Q

Teams and Committees:

Teams: 3

Committees: 2

A

Team = Two or more individuals working together for a common purpose

  1. Requires a leader
  2. Composition varies in backgrounds/experience
  3. Variety of skills & abilities

Committee = a group focused on a specific task

  1. May be temporary or long standing
  2. Short term goals or a structured support network
26
Q

Team Leader & Communication: 6

A
  1. Leadership is the act or an instance of leading
  2. Needs to demonstrate facilitative leadership
  3. Communication is a tool/skill utilized in & essential for effective leadership
  4. Effective communication and transparency in leadership builds trust within a group
  5. A leader is necessary in a group to assist movement towards a goal (a cheerleader)
  6. Leadership involves a person, a group, & goals
27
Q

Team Leader Responsibilities: 8

A
  1. Guide team/goals
  2. Environment
  3. Reinforce the
    importance of pt focus
  4. Ensure standards/rules are established
  5. Remove barriers to collaboration
  6. Challenge the team while recognizing contributions
  7. Conflict management
  8. Accept feedback from members
28
Q

Team Structure:

  1. Intradisciplinary/Intraprofessional:
  2. Interdisciplinary/Interprofessional:
  3. Organizational:
A
  1. Intradisciplinary/Intraprofessional = Networking, support, & collaboration within a discipline (ex. Nursing – PCC, RN, LPN)
  2. Interdisciplinary/Interprofessional = Networking, support, & collaboration across disciplines (ex. Nursing, Physio, SW, Physician)
  3. Organizational – Established communication within & outside an organization

Nursing 205 (7 decks)

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