3.8 Safe Systems of Work (SSW)

Question 1

When is a SSW required?

Answer 1

when hazards cannot be eliminated and a degree of risk remains after technical control measures are introduced.

Question 2

A job safety analysis (JSA) may be used to…

Answer 2

break the task down into its component steps and identify hazards at each stage.

Question 3

A simple SSW may be defined verbally, as a written procedure or become a formal Permit-to-Work (PTW), depending on the level of risk and the needs of the organisation. In all cases the SSW should:

Answer 3

 Consider the preparations and authorisations necessary before beginning work;  Ensure the job sequence is logically and clearly planned;  Specify safe methods for undertaking specific activities;  Specify safe means of access and egress if relevant; and  Consider the end of activity tasks such as dismantling and disposal.

Question 4

Once implemented the SSW will require periodic monitoring to ensure:

Answer 4

 The system is workable and employees are comfortable following it;  The procedures as specified are being followed and are effective; and  Any changes to the workplace or work practises that would necessitate a review and reiteration of the SSW are identified ea

Question 5

The Confined Space Regulations 1997 define a confined space as:

Answer 5

“any place, including any chamber, tank, vat, silo, pit, trench, pipe, sewer, flue, well or other similar space in which, by virtue of its enclosed nature, there arises a reasonably foreseeable specified risk.”

Question 6

With regard to confined spaces, specified risks are risks of:

Answer 6

 serious injury from a fire or explosion;  loss of consciousness as a result of an increase in body temperature;  loss of consciousness or asphyxiation arising from gas, fume, vapour or the lack of oxygen;  drowning from an increase in the level of liquid; or  asphyxiation from a free flowing solid, or entrapment by a free flowing solid preventing access to a breathable atmosphere.

Question 7

Examples of doing work without entering a confined space include:

Answer 7

 Sampling contents using long handled tools;  Inspection of vessel interiors by remote controlled cameras and CCTV monitors;  Cleaning by designed in self-cleaning systems