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Nursing 1111 Principles and Practices > Chapter 18: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance; Key Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 18: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance; Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Acidosis

A

The lower negative value of the acid-base scale

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2
Q

Active Transport

A

Movement of materials across the cell membrane by means of chemical activity that allows the cell to admit larger molecules than would otherwise be possible

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3
Q

ADH

A

Antidiuretic hormone- hormone that decreases the production of urine by increasing the re-absorption of water by the renal tubules.
Secreted by cells of the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior lobe of pituitary gland

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4
Q

Aldosterone

A

Mineralocorticoid steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex with action in the renal tubule to regulate sodium and potassium balance in the blood

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5
Q

Allogeneic Transfusion

A

Infusion of a donor’s blood into a patient

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6
Q

Alkalosis

A

A higher positive value on the acid-base scale

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7
Q

Angiotensin

A

Polypeptide occurring in the blood, causing vasoconstriction, increased blood pressure, and the release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex

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8
Q

Anion Gap

A

Difference between the concentrations of serum cations and anions, determined by measuring the concentrations of sodium cations and chloride and bicarbonate anions

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9
Q

Anion

A

Negatively charged electrolyte

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10
Q

Arterial Blood Gas (ABG)

A 
Analysis that is an effective method of evaluating acid-base balance and oxygenation. 
Involves 6 components
-pH
-PaCO2
-PaO2
-SaO2 base excess
-HCO-3
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11
Q

Autologous Transfusion

A

Procedure in which blood is removed from a donor and stored for a variable period before it is returned to the donor’s own circulation

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12
Q

Buffers

A

Substance or group of substances that can absorb or release hydrogen ions to correct an acid-base imbalance

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13
Q

Cations

A

Positively charged electrolytes

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14
Q

Clinical Dehydration

A

Hypernatremia and ECV deficit

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15
Q

Colloid Osmotic Pressure

A

Inward-pulling force caused by the presence of protein molecules

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16
Q

Colloid

A

Blood product

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17
Q

Concentration

A

Relative content of a component within a substance or solution

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18
Q

Crystalloids

A

IV fluid and electrolytes

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19
Q

Diffusion

A

Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

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20
Q

Electrolyte

A

Element or compound that, when melted or dissolved in water or other solvent, dissociates into ions and can carry an electrical current

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21
Q

Electronic Infusion Device (EID)

A

A piece of equipment that delivers intravenous fluids at a prescribed rate through an intravenous cathetar

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22
Q

Extracellular Fluid Volume (EVC) Deficit

A

Portion of body fluids composed of the interstitial fluid and blood plasma at a low level

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23
Q

Extracellular Fluid Volume (EVC) Excess

A

Portion of body fluids composed of the interstitial fluid and blood plasma at a high level

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24
Q

Filtration

A

The straining of fluid through a membrane

25
Q

Fluid

A

Water that contains dissolved or suspended substances such as glucose, mineral salts, and proteins

26
Q

Fluid Homeostasis

A

Dynamic interplay of three processes;

  • Fluid intake and absorption
  • Fluid distribution
  • Fluid output
27
Q

Hemolysis

A

Breakdown of Red Blood Cells

28
Q

Hydrostatic Pressure

A

Pressure caused by a liquid

29
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

Greater-than-normal amount of calcium in the blood

30
Q

Hyperchloremia

A

Greater-than-normal amounts of carbon dioxide in the blood

31
Q

Hyperkalemis

A

Greater-than-normal amount of potassium in the blood

32
Q

Hypermagnesemia

A

Greater-than-normal Magnesium level in the blood

33
Q

Hypernatremia

A

Greater-than-normal sodium concentration in ECF caused by loss of relatively more water than salt or gain of relatively more salt than water

34
Q

Hypertonic

A

Situation in which one solution has a greater concentration of solute than another solution; therefore the first solution exerts greater osmotic pressure

35
Q

Hypocalcemia

A

Lower-than-normal amounts of calcium in the blood

36
Q

Hypochloremia

A

Lower-than-normal amount of carbon dioxide in the blood

37
Q

Hypokalemia

A

Lower-than-normal amount of potassium in the blood

38
Q

Hypomagnesemia

A

Lower-than-normal amount of magnesium in the blood

39
Q

Hyponatremia

A

Lower-than-normal sodium concentration in the ECF, which occurs from gaining relatively more water than salt or losing relatively more salt than water

40
Q

Hypotonic

A

Situation in which one solution has a smaller concentration of solute than another solution; therefore the first solution exerts less osmotic pressure

41
Q

Hypovolemia

A

Abnormally low circulating blood volume

42
Q

Infiltration

A

Dislodging an intravenous catheter or needle from a vein into the subcutaneous space

43
Q

Insensible Water Loss

A

Water loss that is continuous and is not perceived by the person

44
Q

Ions

A

Charged particles

45
Q

Isotonic

A

Situation in which two solutions have the same concentration of solute; therefore both solutions exert the same osmotic pressure

46
Q

Metabolic Acidosis

A

Abnormal condition of high hydrogen ion concentration in the extracellular fluid caused by either a primary increase in hydrogen ions or a decrease in bicarbonate

47
Q

Metabolic Alkalosis

A

Abnormal condition characterized by the significant loss of acid from the body or by increased levels of bicarbonate

48
Q

Oncotic Pressure

A

The total influence of the protein on the osmotic activity of plasma fluid

49
Q

Osmolality

A

Osmotic pressure of a solution expressed in osmoles or milliosmoles per kilogram of water

50
Q

Osmoraceptors

A

Neurons in the hypothalamus that are sensitive to the fluid concentration in the blood plasma and regulate the secretion of anti-diuretic hormone

51
Q

Osmosis

A

Movement of a pure solvent through a semipermeable membrane from a solution with a lower solute concentration to one with a high solute concentration

52
Q

Osmotic Pressure

A

Drawing power for water, which depends on the number of molecules in the solution

53
Q

Parenteral Nutrition (PN)

A

The administration of a nutritional solution into the vascular system

54
Q

Phlebitis

A

Inflammation of the vein

55
Q

Respiratory Acidosis

A

Abnormal condition characterized by increased arterial carbon dioxide concentration, excess carbonic acid, and increased hydrogen ion concentration

56
Q

Respiratory Alkalosis

A

Abnormal condition characterized by decreased arterial carbon dioxide concentration and decreased hydrogen ion concentration

57
Q

Transfusion Reaction

A

Systemic response by the body to the administration of blood incompatible with that of the recipient

58
Q

Vascular Access Device (VAD)

A

Catheters, cannulas, or infusion ports designed for long-term, repeated access to the vascular system

59
Q

Venipuncture

A

Technique in which a vein is punctured transcutaneously by a sharp rigid stylet, a cannula, or a needle attached to a syringe

Nursing 1111 Principles and Practices (485 decks)

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