Tuberculosis Flashcards
Risk factors for TB?
Poverty, HIV, MRD strains, Immunocomprime, Substance abuse, malnutrition, underlying chronic disease, young>older, male>women, living in close quarters with TB + , minority, crowded living facilities
Primary organism that causes TB?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, acid-fast bacilli
Other organisms that cause TB?
Mycobacterium africanum and Mycobacterium bovis
Modes of transmission of TB?
Through respiratory droplets. Coughing, talking, singing, intubation, bronchoscopy, aerosol treatments, autopsy
How long can TB remain infectious in the air?
30 mins
4 outcomes when exposed to TB?
Clear the infectious organism resulting in no disease, primary disease, latent infection, reactivation of TB
Pathophysiology of infection?
Bacteria carried to lungs where it proliferates in macrophage. Macrophage produces cytokines and chemokines, which attract other macrophages and neutrophils, and monocytes. Tubercle is formed enclosing these cells.
When the tubercle expands and causes a lesion into the lung it is called?
Ghon
These individuals who have latent TB are at a high rate for reactivation.
Immunosuppressed patients (HIV, Lymphoma, smokers, DM, ESRD)
Primary tuberculosis refers to a _______ blank infection.
recent
What are CXR characteristics in people with TB?
Unilateral hilar adenopathy, lower and upper infiltrates, upper lobe abnormalities more common
Which lung is more commonly infected?
right lung
Patients with primary TB can develop these additional disease?
Meningitis, pericarditis, further lung cavitation of lung tissue
Patients with reactivation present ____ years after initial infection with these symptoms and signs?
2 years, cough (worsens to produce green-sputum or hemoptysis), night sweats, anorexia, weight loss, fever
Abnormal lung findings with reactivation TB?
Rales, whispered pectoriloquy, dullness, distant hollow breath sounds in cavitation
