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The Visual System > Functional Anatomy of the Eye > Flashcards

Functional Anatomy of the Eye Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main structures of the mammalian eye?

A

Cornea, iris, lens, cilliary body, retina, aqueous humor, and vitreous humor.

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2
Q

What does the wall of the eye consist of?

A

Sclera choroid and retina.

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3
Q

The eye ball contains two segments which are?

A

The anterior and posterior segment.

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4
Q

The anterior segment contains two chambers which are referred as what?

A

The anterior and posterior chambers.

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5
Q

Does the posterior segment has chambers?

A

No it doesn’t.

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6
Q

Which segment is filled with aqueous humor?

A

The anterior segment.

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7
Q

Which segment is filled with vitreous humor?

A

The posterior segment.

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8
Q

The posterior segment is filled with what type of fluid?

A

Vitreous humor.

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9
Q

The anterior segment is filled with what time of fluid?

A

Aqueous humor.

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10
Q

Describe the location of the anterior chamber:

A
  • bordered by posterior surface of the cornea

- the anterior aspect of the iris.

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11
Q

Where is the posterior chamber of the anterior segment located?

A

enclosed between the iris and the anterior surface of the vitreous humor.

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12
Q

What prevents the mixing of the aqueous and vitreous humors in a healthy eye?

A

The lens and its suspensory ligaments.

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13
Q

What is the Zonule of Zinn?

A

suspensory ligaments or zonule fibers.

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14
Q

What does the Zonule connect?

A

the lens to the ciliary body.

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15
Q

What connects the lens to the ciliary body?

A

The Zonule of Zinn

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16
Q

What comprises the ciliary muscles?

A

Radial and circular muscles.

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17
Q

What forms the ciliary body?

A

The ciliary muscles and ciliary processes.

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18
Q

What are the ciliary processes?

A

foldings of the choroid posterior to the iris in the anterior segment of the eye.

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19
Q

The foldings of the choroid posterior to the iris is what?

A

The ciliary processes.

20
Q

Where are the ciliary processes located?

A

in the anterior segment of the eye.

21
Q

What projects from the ciliary body into spaces between the spaces of the Zonule of Zinn?

A

The ciliary processes.

22
Q

Covered by high secretory pigments and non-pigmented epithelia is what?

A

The ciliary processes.

23
Q

What enables the formation of aqueous humor?

A

where the ciliary processes lie there is a epithelia under it with a dense network of blood capillaries.

24
Q

What plays a major role in the removal of fluid from the anterior segment?

A

The schlemm canal.

25
Q

What is the Schlemm canal’s major role?

A

removing fluid from the anterior segment.

26
Q

What is the function of the trabecular network?

A

It covers the entrance of the Schlemm canal.

27
Q

What is the Schlemm canal covered with?

A

fibrous network called the trabecular network.

28
Q

What three pairs of extra ocular striated muscles control the movement of the eyeball?

A

medial and lateral recti muscles

superior and inferior recti muscles

superior ad inferior oblique muscles

29
Q

What motion does the medial and lateral recti muscles move the eye ball?

A

side to side.

30
Q

What motion does the superior and inferior recti muscles move the eye ball?

A

up and down.

31
Q

What motion does the superior and inferior oblique muscles move the eyeball?

A

Rotate the eye ball in socket.

32
Q

The extra ocular muscles of the eye ball are needed for the sole purpose of what?

A

rotate the eye ball to balance sideway tilting effects of the head.

33
Q

What are the three nerves that control the striated muscles of the eye ball?

A

Oculomotor nerve,
trochlear nerve,
and abducent nerve.

34
Q

What number cranial nerve is the oculomotor nerve?

A

Cranial nerve 3

35
Q

What number cranial nerve is the trochlear nerve?

A

Cranial nerve 4

36
Q

What number cranial nerve is the abducent nerve?

A

Cranial nerve 6

37
Q

What are the two automatic nerves that control accommodation and pupillary reflex?

A

Parasympathetic and Sympathetic nerves.

38
Q

The parasympathetic nerve consists of 2 main fibers known as what?

A

Preganglionic and Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers.

39
Q

What runs through the Edinger Westphal nucleus?

A

The preganglionic parasympathetic fibers.

40
Q

What nerve does the preganglionic parasympathetic fiber run through and synapses at?

A

Oculomotor nerve and synapses in the cilary ganglion.

41
Q

What does the postganglionic fiber run through?

A

in the ciliary nerve to the eyeball.

42
Q

What do the parasympathetic fibers innervate?

A

The ciliary muscles which control the shape of the lens and the sphincter muscles of the iris.

43
Q

Wha does the sphincter muscles of the iris control?

A

Controls the pupil size.

44
Q

What do the preganglionic sympathetic fibers from first thoracic segment of the spinal cord run through?

A

sympathetic chain and synapse in the superior cervical ganglion.

45
Q

What do posganglionic fibers run along?

A

Carotid plexus to eye ball.

The Visual System (9 decks)

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