Ganglion cells and Optic Nerve Fibers

Question 1

How many ganglion cells are present in the retina?

Answer 1

1.6 million ganglion cells.

Question 2

How many total rods and cones are there?

Answer 2

100 millions rods and 3 million cones.

Question 3

How many rods and cones per ganglion cell and an optic fiber?

Answer 3

60 rods and 2 cones.

Question 4

What are the 5 types of retinal ganglion cells?

Answer 4

1) Parvocellular
2) Magnocellular
3) Koniocellular
4) W. ganglion
5) Photosensitive ganglion

Question 5

What is the parvocellular ganglion cell known as?

Answer 5

P,A,X, or Midget cells

Question 6

What are magnocellular ganglion cells called?

Answer 6

M or B or Y or parasol cells.

Question 7

What are Koniocellular ganglion cells called?

Answer 7

K or Interlaminar or bistratified cells.

Question 8

What are W ganglion cells called?

Answer 8

Simply W cells

Question 9

What are photosensitive ganglion cells called?

Answer 9

Giant retinal ganglion cells.

Question 10

What do photosensitive ganglion cells contain?

Answer 10

melanopsin

Question 11

An equal stimulation of the same ganglion by red, green, blue cones results in what?

Answer 11

signal for white color.

Question 12

What is melanopsin?

Answer 12

Containing retinal ganglion cells are also called photosensitive retinal ganglion cells.

Question 13

What does ipRGCs mean?

Answer 13

intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells.

Question 14

What is pRGC?

Answer 14

Photosensitive retinal ganglion cells

Question 15

Melanopsin is a photochemical that contains what?

Answer 15

The protein opsin and retinal similar to photopsin and scotopsin.

Question 16

Melanopsin containing ganglion cells can function without what?

Answer 16

rods and cones and it is present only in a limited number of ganglion cells.

Question 17

What are called giant retinal ganglion cells?

Answer 17

The melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cells.

Question 18

What responds directly to light?

Answer 18

Melanopsin containing ganglion cells.

Question 19

What regulates circadian rhythms?

Answer 19

Melanopsin containing ganglion cells.

Question 20

What regulates the pupillary light reflex?

Answer 20

Melanopsin containing ganglion cells.

Question 21

What occurs when melanopsin containing ganglion cells receive input from rods and cones?

Answer 21

they can encode for color and spatial information.

Question 22

How does melanopsin containing ganglion cells regulate pupillary reflex?

Answer 22

they transmit information through the optic nerve to olivary pretectal nucleus.

Question 23

Signals from the melanopsin containing ganglion cells will do what?

Answer 23

bypass the lateral geniculate nuclear to the pretectal nucleus.

Question 24

What is carried by the preganglionic parasympathetic nerves in the oculomotor nerves?

Answer 24

melanopsin containing ganglion cell signal transmitted from the pretectal nucleus to Edinger-Westphal nucleus.