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MSK > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What does the spine join to?

A 
Occiput
Sacrum (Sacroiliojoint)
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2
Q

What is the purpose of the facet joints?

A

Stabilise the spinal column while allowing movement

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3
Q

What is present with a facet joint?

A

Superior/inferior facet articulations
Synovial joints
Hyaline cartilage

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4
Q

What can go wrong with facet joints?

A

OA
Pain
Ostephytes can cause nerve root impingement

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5
Q

What process accompanies C2 (axis)?

A

Dens process

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6
Q

What is the upper cervical region?

A

C1-C2

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7
Q

What movement does the Atlanto-occipital joint have?

A

Flexion/extension

Lateral flexions

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8
Q

What movement does the atlanto-dens joint have?>

A

Rotation (dens acts as the pivot)

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9
Q

Where is the greatest risk of injury within the spinal column?

A

Cervico-thoracic and thoraco-lumbar junctions

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10
Q

What is the thing between the vertebrae called?

A

Anulus fibrosus

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11
Q

What’s the centre of the anulus fibrosus called?

A

The nucleus pulposus

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12
Q

Describe the nucleus pulposus?

A

Gelatinous

semi-fluid

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13
Q

What ligaments run down the length of the vertebral column?

A

Anterior and posterior longitudinal ligament

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14
Q

What ligament is tough, elastic and links the vertebral laminae?

A

Ligamentum flavum

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15
Q

Is the supraspinous ligament tough or weak?

A

Tough

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16
Q

Are the intraspinous ligaments tough or weak?

A

Weak (relatively)

17
Q

What is the 3 Column Theory of Denis?

A

1 column injured = stable
2 columns injured = maybe unstable
3 columns injured = unstable

18
Q

What is the purpose of the sacroilliac joint?

A

Shock absorption

Joins spine to hip

19
Q

What types of muscles accompany the spine?

A

Superficial (extrinsics)
Intermediate
Deep (intrinsics)

20
Q

What is the Sarratus posterior superior/inferior

A

An intermediate muscle
Originates from the spinous process
Insertions is the ribs

21
Q

What are the superficial muscles?

A
  1. Trapezius
  2. Latissimus dorsi
  3. Rhomboid minor & major
  4. Levatus scapularis
22
Q

What can go wrong with the superficial muscles?

A

Tenderness due to spasm

Wasting from disuse or denervation

23
Q

Describe the trapezius

A

Originates from the spinous process –> T12
Inserts into the occiput, spine of scapula
innervated by Accessory nerve (CN XI)

24
Q

What is the function of the trapezius muscles?

A

Elevates and depresses scapula

retracts scapula

25
Q

Describe the Latissimus dorsi

A

Broadest in the back
Originates from the spinous process and pelvis
Insertions is the humerus
Innervated by C6,C7,C8

26
Q

What are the functions of the Latissimus dorsi?

A

Adducts, extends and internally rotates the humerus

27
Q

Describe the Rhomboid major/minor

A

Minor is from the spinous process of C7/T1
The major is from the spinous process of T2-T5
Insertion is the scapula
Innervated by the dorsal scapula nerve C3/C4

28
Q

Describe the Levatus Scapularis

A

Origin is the transverse process of C1
Insertion is the superior angle of the scapula
innervated by branches C4/C5

29
Q

What is the function of the rhomboid major/minor?

A

Keeps the scapula against the thoracic wall

retracts scapula

30
Q

What is the function of the levatus scapularis?

A

Elevates scapula

31
Q

What are the deep (intinsic) muscles of the spine?

A

The erector spinae muscles

32
Q

What is the lateral erector spinae muscle?

A

Iliocostalis

33
Q

What is the medial erector spinae muscle?

A

Spinalis thoracis

34
Q

What erector spinae muscle lies between the lateral and medial?

A

Longisimus thoracis

35
Q

What is the origin of the erector spinae muscles?

A

Occiput of the skull

36
Q

What is the insertion of the erector spinae muscles?

A

Pelvis (multiple level attachments along the thoracic wall)

37
Q

What is the innervation of the erector spinae muscles?

A

Posterior rami of the spinal nerves

MSK (15 decks)

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