B2.1 Cells

Question 1

What organelle in the cell respires?

Answer 1

Mitochondrion.

Question 2

What organelle in the animal cell makes proteins?

Answer 2

Ribosomes.

Question 3

Name one organelle found exclusively in a plant cell.

Answer 3

Permanent Vacuole/Chloroplasts/Cell Wall.

Question 4

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 4

Contains a cell’s genetic information/regulates activity in the cell.

Question 5

What is the function of a cell wall?

Answer 5

To support and strengthen the cell’s structure.

Question 6

What do plant and animal cells use cytoplasm for?

Answer 6

A gel-like substance where most chemical reactions using enzymes take place.

Question 7

What organelle controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell?

Answer 7

Cell membrane.

Question 8

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Answer 8

They are where photosynthesis occurs, which makes food for the plant. The contain the green pigment ‘chlorophyll’..

Question 9

How are palisade cells adapted for photosynthesis?

Answer 9

They contain lots of chloroplasts.

Question 10

Animal cells do not contain chloroplasts. Explain why.

Answer 10

Animal cells do not contain chloroplasts because animals do not photosynthesise. This means chloroplasts would be useless in an animal cell, so they therefore do not contain them.

Question 11

What does the permanent vacuole in a plant cell contain?

Answer 11

Cell sap, a weak solution of sugar and salts.

Question 12

What is yeast and what does it’s cell contain?

Answer 12

Yeast is a single celled microorganism. It contains a nucleus, cytoplasm, and a cell membrane surrounded by a cell wall.

Question 13

Describe a bacteria cell.

Answer 13

Bacteria is a single celled microorganism. They contain a cytoplasm and a cell membrane surrounded by a cell wall. The genetic material floats in the cytoplasm because because bacterial cells contain NO NUCLEUS.

Question 14

State and describe the 3 factors that affect diffusion.

Answer 14

1) Distance: the shorter this is the quicker the rate of diffusion.
2) Concentration: the bigger the gradient of concentration the faster the rate of diffusion.
3) Surface area: the bigger this is the faster the rate of diffusion because the distance for the particles to travel is greater.

Question 15

List the things that can diffuse across a cell membrane.

Answer 15

Oxygen, carbon dioxide, water and ions.

Question 16

Define ‘diffusion’.

Answer 16

The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Question 17

Define nucleus

Answer 17

Nucleus - contains genetic material which controls the activities of the cell

Question 18

Define cytoplasm

Answer 18

Cytoplasm - most chemical processes take place here controlled by enzymes

Question 19

Define the purpose of the cell membrane

Answer 19

Cell membrane - controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell

Question 20

Define mitochondria

Answer 20

Mitochondria - most energy is released by respiration here

Question 21

Define ribsome

Answer 21

Ribsome - protein synthesis happens here

Question 22

Which organelle keeps a plant cell structure the same and keeps it rigid?

Answer 22

Cell wall