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GI System > Gastric Secretion > Flashcards

Gastric Secretion Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the fundus?

A

Storage

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2
Q

What it the function of the body?

A

Storage

Mucus, HCl, Pepsinogen (Prevents autodigestion) & Intrinsic factor secretion

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3
Q

What is the function of the antrum?

A

Mixing/Grinding & Gastric secretion

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4
Q

Is the Muscularis externa thicker in the fundus or the antrum?

A

Antrum

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5
Q

What do Mucous neck cells secrete?

A

Mucus

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6
Q

What do Chief cells secrete?

A

Pepsinogens

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7
Q

What do Parietal cells secrete?

A

HCl & Intrinsic factor

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8
Q

What does Gastric Acid (HCl) do?

A

Activates digestive enzymes

Denatures proteins

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9
Q

How are hydrogen ions removed from the cell?

A

They are coupled in a 1:1 ratio with Potassium entering the cell
ATP heavy

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10
Q

How do Chlorine ions enter the cell?

A

They are coupled in a 1:1 ratio with bicarbonate (HCO3) leaving the cell
ATP driven process

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11
Q

What does bicarbonate do?

A

Neutralizes acid

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12
Q

How is pepsin formed?

A

Pepsinogen becomes pepsin via the action of Hydrogen ions in the stomach lumen

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13
Q

What does gastrin and acetylcholine act through to increase protein kinases?

A

Its own receptor and then Calcium

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14
Q

What do histamines bind to, to increase protein kinases?

A

Its own receptor Gs

Then through cyclic AMP (cAMP)

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15
Q

What are protein kinases required for?

A

To stimulate the Potassium/Hydrogen pump

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16
Q

What do prostaglandins do?

A

Shut off Adenolyne Cyclane - It is inhibitory

17
Q

What are the three ways in which gastric acid is secreted?

A

Neurocrine - Vagus/Local reflexes
Endocrine - Gastrin
Paracrine - Histamine

18
Q

What are the two phases of stomach stimulation?

A

Gastric phase

Cephalic phase

19
Q

Describe the cephalic phase?

A

Sight/Smell of food innervates the vagus nerve causing an increase in ACh & Gastrin resulting in the parietal cells secreting acid
Histamines released from ECL cells which are innervated by Gastrin/ACh

20
Q

Describe the gastric phase?

A

Same as cephalic phase stomach distention causes vagal stimulation and peptides in lumen stimulate G cells

21
Q

What inhibits the cephalic phase?

A

Stopping eating

Decreasing vagal acitivity

22
Q

What inhibits the gastric phase?

A

Decrease in pH levels

Increased in HCl levels

23
Q

What is the enterogastric reflex?

A

The sympathetic reflex which reduces Gastrin secretion and thus acid secretion

24
Q

What are enterogastrones?

A

Hormones released from gland cells in the duodenal mucosa

25
Q

What hormones are released in the duodenal mucosa?

A

Secretin
Cholecystokinin
GIP

26
Q

What are enterogastrones released in response to?

A

Acid
Hypertonic solutions
Monoglycerides
Fatty acids

27
Q

What do enterogastrones do?

A

Prevent further acid build up in the duodenum

28
Q

What two strategies do enterogastrones have?

A

Inhibit gastric acid secretion

Prevent gastric emptying

29
Q

What cell secretes pepsinogen (Zymogen = Inactive precursor)?

A

Chief cells

30
Q

What do Zymogens do?

A

Their storage prevents cellular digestion

31
Q

At what pH are pepsins inactivated?

A

Neutral

32
Q

At what pH is pepsinogen converted to pepsin?

A

Less than 3

33
Q

Where is intrinsic factor produced?

A

Parietal cells

34
Q

What is the main function of intrinsic factor?

A

Vitamin B12 absorption

35
Q

Where is the intrinsic factor/B12 complex absorbed?

A

Ileum

36
Q

Where is gastric mucus produced?

A

Surface epithelial cells and mucous neck cells

37
Q

What are the functions of gastric mucus?

A

Protects the mucosal surface from mechanical injury

Creates a neutral pH to protect against gastric acid corrosion and pepsin digestion

GI System (38 decks)

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