Nutrition in Health and Disease Flashcards
What is diet?
The sum total of all foods ingested
What is food?
The individual items ingested
What are nutrients?
Chemically defined compounds required by the body
What is food choice?
Likes/Dislikes
Religious and ethical considerations
Social and psychological components
What are the three aspects of nutrition demand?
Basal requirements - Membrane function
Mechanical work - Cellular and tissue level
Substrate turnover
What is nutritional failure?
Failure to meet the nutritional requirements of the individual leading to a development of deficiencies
What is malnutrition?
Lack of proper nutrition, caused by not having enough to eat, not eating enough of the right things, or being unable to use the food that one does eat
What is the difference between over and under nutrition?
Over nutrition is a future problem
Under nutrition is a problem right now
What is kwashiorkor?
Malnutrition but those affected have a fat belly due to oedema and possibly a present inflammat`ory response
How does nutrition screening work?
5% weight loss is a score 1 and anything higher than 10% is a score 2
Score of 2 if someone hasn’t eaten in 5 days
Score of over 2 suggests malnutrition and a score 1 occuring means provide supplements and watch
What are the dietary requirements?
Nitrogen
Vitamins
Mineral
Trace elements
What is intestinal failure?
Reduction in the functioning gut mass below the minimal amount necessary for adequate digestion and absorption of nutrients
What causes access failure to food? (4)
Teeth
Stroke
Cancer of head and neck
Head injury
What should be done in malnutrition management?
Establish IV feeding
Deal with sepsis urgently
May benefit from smalls amounts of enteral feeding
What can nutritional failure cause to happen to the Jejunum?
