Lecture 2

Question 1

Agon

Answer 1

Gathering for contest

Question 2

Athlon

Answer 2

Prize, Labor, Athletics

Question 3

2 Types of Strife

Answer 3

Good Eris - Competition Bad Eris - War

Question 4

Polythemism

Answer 4

Many gods

Question 5

Anthropomorphism

Answer 5

In the shape of humans

Question 6

“The Greeks distinguished in the cosmos between different types of powers- multiple forms of power that could take action on every level of reality….making interventions within man himself as well as in society, nature, and in the Beyond.”

Answer 6

Jean Pierre Vernant, “The Society of Gods”

Question 7

“Thus their religion and their pantheon can be seen to be a system of classification, a particular way of ordering and conceptualizing the universe, distinguishing between multiple types of force and power operating within it.”

Answer 7

Jean Pierre Vernant, “The Society of Gods”

Question 8

But mortals deem that the gods are begotten as they are, and have clothes like theirs, and voice and form.

Answer 8

Xenophanes

Question 9

Yes, and if oxen and horses or lions had hands, and could paint with their hands, and produce works of art as men do, horses would paint the forms of the gods like horses, and oxen like oxen, and make their bodies in the image of their several kinds.

Answer 9

Xenophanes

Question 10

Theogony literally means

Answer 10

Birth of gods

Question 11

Hesiod: Works and Days

Answer 11

Advice on farming

Question 12

1st Generation Cosmos

Answer 12

Ouranos (Heaven), Gaia (Earth)

Question 13

Ouranos

Answer 13

Heaven

Question 14

Gaia

Answer 14

Earth

Question 15

2nd Generation Cosmos

Answer 15

Titans, Cyclopes, Hundred Handers

Question 16

3rd Generation Cosmos

Answer 16

Olympians, Non-Olympians, Non-Titans

Question 17

Titanomachy

Answer 17

Battle between Titans and Olympians

Question 18

Bie

Answer 18

Force

Question 19

Metis

Answer 19

Deception

Question 20

And Styx, Ocean’s daughter, made love with Pallas and bore Envy (Zelos) in her house and beautiful Victory (Nikê) and Strength (Kratos) and Force (Biê)- notable children she bore, and they have no house apart from Zeus, no dwelling or path except where the god leads them, and they dwell forever with deep-thundering Zeus.

Answer 20

Hesiod, Theogony

Question 21

Timé

Answer 21

Perceived honor

Question 22

For this was how Styx, Ocean’s daughter, made her decision on that fateful day when the lord of lighting summoned the gods to the slopes of Olympos. He told them that he would not deprive of anyone of rights and honors, who fought along with him against the Titans . Or if they had no rights under Kronos before, he would promote them to rights and honors (timê) as was just.

Answer 22

Hesiod, Theogony

Question 23

If ever a god who lives on snowcapped Olympos pours a libation of this (water of Styx) and breaks his oath, he lies a full year without any breath, not a taste of ambrosia, not a sip of nectar comes to his lips, but he lies breathless and speechless on a blanketed bed, an evil coma upon him. But when the long year brings this disease to an end, another more difficult trial is in store, Nine years of exile from the everlasting gods, no converse in council or at their feasts for nine full years. In the tenth year finally he rejoins the Immortals in their homes on Olympos. Upon this the gods swear, the primordial, imperishable water of Styx.”

Answer 23

Hesiod, Theogony

Question 24

Our minds are bent therefore, and our wills fixed on preserving your power through the horror of war.

Answer 24

Hesiod, Theogony

Question 25

A god whose hands were like engines of war, whose feet never gave out, from whose shoulders grew the hundred heads of a frightful dragon flickering dusky tongues, and the hollow eye sockets in the eerie heads sent out fiery rays, and each head burned with flame as it glared. And there were voices in each of these frightful heads, a phantasmagoria of unspeakable sound, sometimes sounds that gods understood, sometimes the sound of a spirited bull, bellowing and snorting, or the uninhibited shameless roar of a lion, or a whistle hissing through long ridges and hills.

Answer 25

Hesiod, Theogony

Question 26

So the blessed gods had done a hard piece of work, settled by force (biê) the question of rights with the Titans. Then at Gaia’s suggestion they pressed broad-browed Zeus, the Olympian, to be their king and rule the Immortals. And so Zeus dealt out their privileges and rights (timê).”

Answer 26

Hesiod, Theogony

Question 27

If the gods are immortal and imperishable, it is because, unlike men, their corporeality possesses by nature and even in the very heart of nature, the constant beauty and glory that the social imagination strives to invent for mortals when they no longer have a body to display or an existence that can win them glory. Living always in strength and beauty, the gods have a super-body: a body made entirely and forever of beauty and glory.

Answer 27

Vernant, Mortals and Immortals

Question 28

They fear that when she [the soul/psuchê] has left the body her place may be nowhere, and that on the very day of death she may perish and come to an end immediately on her release from the body…dispersing and vanishing away into nothingness in her flight.”

Answer 28

Phaedo

Question 29

And with his own arms Achilles reached for Patroclus, but could not take him, and the spirit (psuchê) went underground, like vapour, with a thin cry, and Achilles was amazed, staring: “Oh wonder! Even in the house of Hades there is left something, a spirit and an image , (psuchê and eidôlon) but there is no mind in it.”

Answer 29

Homer Iliad

Question 30

“Human generations are like leaves in their seasons. The wind blows them to the ground, but the tree sprouts new ones when spring comes again. Men too. Their generations come and go.”

Answer 30

Iliad

Question 31

Diomedes knew this was a weakling goddess, not one of those who control human warfare- no Athena, no Ares here, who demolishes cities- And when he caught up to her in the mêlée, he pounced at her with his spear and, thrusting, nicked her on her delicate wrist, the blade piercing her skin through the ambrosial robe that the Graces themselves made for her. The cut was just above the palm, and the goddess’ immortal blood (ambroton haima) oozed out, or rather, the ichor that flows in the blessed gods’ veins. For they eat no bread and drink no wine. For this reason they are called bloodless and therefore deathless (athanatoi) as well.

Answer 31

Iliad

Question 32

Euandria

Answer 32

Good manliness

Question 33

Euexia

Answer 33

Bodybuilding, looking the most manly

Question 34

Body Fascism: The imposition of norms for acceptable or successful bodies brought about by a great commercial exposure to paragons of ideal proportions.

Answer 34

Nigel Spivey, Understanding Greek Sculpture

Question 35

“And further, when you copy types of beauty, it is so difficult to find a perfect model that you combine the most beautiful details of several, and thus contrive to make the whole figure look beautiful.”

Answer 35

Xenophon, Memorabilia

Question 36

“No one can make his natural body resemble statues and portraits in paintings.”

Answer 36

Isocrates

Question 37

“Real bodies are less attractive in appearance than beautiful statues.”

Answer 37

Alcidamas

Question 38

Psuchê

Answer 38

Soul, but not a person

Question 39

What is the immortal food?

Answer 39

Nectar and Ambrosia

Question 40

Agalma

Answer 40

Statue that gives delight to the god

Question 41

Kore

Answer 41

Young maiden

Question 42

Kouros

Answer 42

Young man

Question 43

Body Fascism

Answer 43

Impossible social standards for body image

Question 44

Symmetria

Answer 44

Balance and proportion