Quiz 7 Flashcards
What are the five parts of the Nueron Doctrine?
- formed from ectoderm
- anatomically seperate; connected by synapse
- carries neuron impulse, -70mV at rest
- directional flow, either afferent or efferent
- CNS cannot regenerate
HEMISPHERES
- Right Hemisphere: creative; associated with emotions, colors, pictures
- Left Hemisphere: calculative; associated wih organization, mathematics, logic
- Basal Ganglia: point where two hemispheres join together
- Thalamus: location of brain impulse crossover transfer
- Hypothalamus: controls all homeostatic functions
What are convolutions and what are they made of?
amount of folds determine the intelligence or complexity of organisms
gyrus/gyri as top; sulcus/sulci as valley; cerebral spinal fluid found in sulci
FISSURES AND MAJOR DIVISIONS
Fissures: cuts or divisions of the brain that seperate the lobes
- Cerebrum
- Medulla Oblongata, Brain Stem
- Cerebellum
- Lateral Fissure
- Central Fissure
BROADMAN’S MAP OF BRAIN LOBES
- Frontal: emotions, feelings, opinion
- Temporal: speech, memory, hearing
- Parietal: sensory, motor
- Occipital: vision
- Cerebellum: balance, coordination, perception
Quadreminal Lobes: 1, 2, 3, 4
Drinking affects frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, cerebellum, midbrain (in that order)
What is nuerology?
study of the nervous system; brain as organ, nuerons as basic unit; divides into PNS, CNS, and ANS
What is ANS?
Autonomic Nervous System; controls all automatic or involuntary action
Sympathetic: speeds up or increases production or functions of nervous system; eg. adrenaline
Parasympathetic: opposite of sympathetic; slows down or decreases nervous system
What is PNS?
Peripheral Nervous System; controls responses to the side or perphery
Cranial Nerves: located under the surface of the brain; takes case of head, neck, and face; 12 pairs
Spinal Nerves: located on spinal cord; takes care of internal organs, arms, and legs; mirrored on either side but independent functions; 31 pairs
SPINAL CORD ANATOMY, in relation to the Nervous System
- Fasiculus Gracilus: dorsal entry for impulse to go up
- Fasiculus Cuneatus: ventral exit for impulse to come down
- Dorsal Root: afferent path of impulse to brain
- Ventral Root: efferent path of impulse to body
What are the types of neurons?
- Unipolar: sensory; send; receptors of stimulus; afferent path; located in sensory organs
- Bipolar: motor; receive; typically efferent; located in glands or muscle
- Multipolar: mixed; interpret; located in CNS (brain interprets information that spinal cord receives)
Define MYELIN and all the components that are associated with it.
Myelin: coats axon; the thicker it is, the faster the impulse travels; found in PNS and CNS
Nuerolemma Covering: used for regeneration
Nodes of Ranvier: dimples or valleys along the surface
Saltation: aka saltatory conduction; jumping of one node to the next
Schwann Cells: glial or support cells that use mitochondria to produce ATP for fatigued neurons
Define MENINGES and all the components associated with it.
similar to myelin sheath but unable to regenerate; found only in CNS; has three layers of dura mater (outer), arachnoid (middle), and pia mater (inner)
What are the six major cranial nerves? Are they sensory or motor? What are their functions?
OOFVVH - SSBSBM
Olfactory: sensory; smell
Optic: sensory; vision
Facial: both; facial muscles, salivary and lacrimal glands, two-thirds tongue sensation
Vestibulocochlear: sensory; balance and hearing
Vagus: both; visceral sensation, muscles of pharynx and larynx, major parasympathetic nerve
Hypoglossal: motor; muscles of the tongue
