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REHS Study > Hazmat, Toxicology > Flashcards

Hazmat, Toxicology Flashcards

1
Q

Hazardous materials/wastes have one or more of the following four characteristics

A 
TRIC
Toxicity
Reactivity
Ignitability
Corrosivity
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2
Q

WHat does RCRA stand for? What is it?

A

resource conservation and recovery act

federal guidelines used to classify hw

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3
Q

most hw are considered RCRA hw because (list the four bullets)

A

the waste is listed in RCRA
the waste exhibits one of the characteristics
the combination of a solid and hw
it cannot be excluded from the RCRA category

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4
Q

What information does an MSDS/SDS include about a product

A

chemical properties
methods of clean up
emergency procedures
first aid

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5
Q

what is an EPA id number used for

A

a registration number that hazardous waste generators must have

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6
Q

What is a manifest

A

a multiple copy document that must accompany hazardous waste shipments

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7
Q

what 5 items must be listed on an HW manifest

A 
quantity and type of packaging
proper shipping name
hazard class
four digit ID number
total weight of materials
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8
Q

What does the term “cradle to grave” mean

A

the person/company generating the waste is responsible for it’s proper and legal disposal

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9
Q

What is a bill of lading and how is it different from a manifest

A

bill of lading is required for any hazmat during transportation. it’s a shipping document.

the manifest is a specific document required for hw

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10
Q

What agency regulates transportation of hm and hw

A

DOT department of transportation

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11
Q

bill of lading is sometimes referred to as what in these other shipping industries

truck
rail
air
sea

A

freight bill - truck
waybill - rail
cargo manifest - air
dangerous cargo manifest - water

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12
Q

placard identification is based on what four things

A

color
symbol
description of product
hazard class or ID number

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13
Q

what do the following colors/backgrounds represent on a placard

orange
red
green
yellow
blue
white
white w/ vertical stripes
white over black
A 
orange - explosives/blasting agents
red - flammable/combustible
green - non flammable/highly pressurized
yellow - reactive
blue - violently reacts with water
white - poison
white w/ vertical stripes - flammable solid
white over black - corrosive
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14
Q

What are two color placards used for

A

for a material that has two major hazard characteristics

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15
Q

what do the following symbols mean on a placard

bursting ball
flame
cylinder
slash W
skull cross bones
circle with flame
test tube, a hand, or metal
propeller
A 
bursting ball - explosives
flame - flammable/combustible
cylinder - non flammable
slash W - violently reacts with water
skull/cross bones - poison
circle w/ flame - oxidizing material
test tube, a hand or metal - corrosive
propeller - radioactive
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16
Q

What are some common descriptions used on placards

A 
radioactive
dangerous
fuel oil
combustible
chlorine
flammable gas
corrosive
blasting agent
explosive

etc.

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17
Q

define the 9 hazard classes for DOT placarding

A 
1 - explosives
2 - gases
3 - flammable liquids
4 - flammable solids
5 - oxidizers or organic peroxides
6 - poisonous or etiological materials
7 - radioactive
8 - corrosives
9 - miscellaneous hm
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18
Q

What are the four edges of a NFPA hazmat placard and where are these usually found

A

usually on exteriors of buildings that store materials
NFPA = national fire protection association

from the left clockwise
A - health hazard
B - fire hazard
C - reactivity
D - specific hazard
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19
Q

What does 0-4 indicate on the health hazard portion of the NFPA placard

A 
0 normal
1 slightly hazardous
2 hazardous
3 extremely hazardous
4 deadly
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20
Q

what does 0-4 indicate on the fire hazard portion of the NFPA placard

A 
0 will not burn
1 above 200F
2 below 200F
3 below 100F
4 below 73F
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21
Q

what does 0-4 indicate on the reactivity hazard portion of the NFPA placard

A 
0 stable
1 unstable
2 violent chemical reaction
3 shock or heat may detonate
4 may detonate
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22
Q

What specifications would be listed in the specific hazard section of the NFPA placard

A 
oxidize
acid
alkali
water reactive
corrosive
radioactive
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23
Q

buildings and structures will have _____ placards while transportation trucks and shipping containers will have _____ placards

A

NFPA

DOT

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24
Q

containers less than _______ cubic feet must be marked with ____ inch labels

containers more than _______cubic feet must be marked with placards that are _______ inches

A

less than 640 4’’ labels

more than 640 10.75 ‘’ placards

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25
Q

what is the standard liquid container size

A

42 gallon drum

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26
Q

What are the safety perimeters for a hazmat incident (state the 4 zones)

A

after determining the wind direction then the zones can be identified.

isolation zone - immediate area of incident

hot zone/exclusionary zone - usually at least 1500 sq ft

warm zone/secondary zone/contamination reduction zone - works get decontaminated here after leaving the hot zone

cold zone - reasonable safe to conduct command post operations

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27
Q

What is an emergency contingency plan

A

procedures to be taken for businesses that store hm and hw

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28
Q

acids form ______ while bases form ______

A

acids hydronium ions (H+)

bases hydroxide ions (OH-)

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29
Q

RCRA defines a corrosive as an aqueous solutions w/ a pH less than ___ or greater than ___

or a solid that exhibits corrosive characteristics

A

less than 2

greater than 12.5

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30
Q

why do we no longer dilute corrosive liquid spills?

A

because it requires way too much water and the waste still needs to be contained

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31
Q

What is neutralization

A

a chemical reaction

H+ + OH- = H20 + salt + heat

exothermic (heat producing rxn)

can be used for spill clean up

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32
Q

What is stoichiometry

A

the chemistry science that deals with the quantities of substances that are necessary for, and produced by, chemical reactions

reactions are dependent upon the concentration of the substances, their molecular weights etc.

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33
Q

What is solubility how is it measured

A

ability or tendency for one substance to blend uniformly with another.

can vary from 0 to 100%

insoluble substances can be physically blended together for a short period of time but will eventually separate. e.g. oil and water.

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34
Q

What is specific gravity

A

ratio of a substance’s density to the density of water

> 1 sinks or is absorbed w/ water

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35
Q

what is vapor density? When would it be important to know this?

A

relative ratio of the density of a gas/vapor to the density of air.

> 1 settles at lowest point of a room

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36
Q

an oxygen deficient atmosphere is one with less than ______%oxygen

A

19%

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37
Q

What is vapor pressure

A

pressure exerted by a liquids vapor in a closed container.

expressed as mm Hg @ ___ degrees

higher vapor pressure = more volatile substance

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38
Q

The boiling point is the point at which the _________ = the ________________

A

vapor pressure = atmospheric pressure

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39
Q

the (higher/lower) the boiling point, the (higher/lower) the vapor pressure and therefore a greater tendency to vaporize creating a potential inhalation hazard

A

lower bp

higher vp

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40
Q

___ % concentration = _________ ppm

A

1% = 10,000 ppm

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41
Q

_____ mg/L = 1 ppm

A

1 mg/l = 1ppm

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42
Q

_____% = 1 ppb = ___ ugm/L

A

.001% = 1 ppb = 1 ugm/L

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43
Q

what are three important concepts when dealing with chemical hazards

A
  1. existence of multiple hazards
  2. chemical rxns
  3. chemical compatibility factor
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44
Q

What is reactivity

A

a substance that can explode or react in a way that can be hazardous to humans and the environment

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45
Q

What are 7 criteria for reactivity

A
  1. normally unstable - can undergo a violent change
  2. reacts dangerously with water or air
  3. can generate toxic gas, fumes, vapors when mixed with water
  4. can form explosive mixtures
  5. contains cyanide or sulfides
  6. can produce a toxic gas or vapor
  7. can explode when ignited at room temp
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46
Q

what are two types of chemical reactions. which are the most dangerous?

A

endothermic - removes heat source

exothermic - creates heat source (dangerous)

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47
Q

What are some examples of incompatible hazard groups

A 
oxidizers w/ flammables
oxidizer w/ organics
acids w/ bases
acids w/ cyanides
acids w/ sulfides
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48
Q

What are some e.g. of water reactives

A

potassium
sodium
lithium metals
calcium carbide

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49
Q

metals + acids = _____________

A

hydrogen gas

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50
Q

cyanides + acids = ___________

A

hydrogen cyanide gas

51
Q

sulfides + acids = _________

A

hydrogen sulfide gas

52
Q

oxidizers + acids or bases = ________

A

toxic gas formation, fires, explosions

53
Q

metals + bases = _______

A

metal destruction

54
Q

What are oxidizers

A

substances that spontaneously release oxygen at room temp or under slight heating.

increase fires
react w/ organics

55
Q

What are some examples of oxidizers

A 
peroxides
permanganates
persulfates
perchlorates
nitrates
nittites
chlorites
chlorates
56
Q

what are 4 criteria for ignitability

A

liquid w/ fp less than 60C/140F

non liquid that can burn consistently and vigorously

flammable compressed gas

an oxidizer

57
Q

What is a flashpoint

A

lowest temperature at which a liquid will give off enough vapors that will form an ignitable mixture

aka: air interlace

58
Q

the lower the f.p. the (higher/lower) the hazard

A

higher the hazard… more flammable

59
Q

What is the auto-ignition temperature

A

the last temperature at which a substance will spontaneously ignite. usually a very high temperature

60
Q

What is the flammable range?

A

the range of vapor to air concentration of a substance that will ignite and burn if an ignition source is present

61
Q

Most regulations state a flammable liquid as one with a flash point of _____F or lower

A

140F

62
Q

NFPA has flammable classifications from IA to IIIB which end has the lowest flashpoints

A

IA has the lowest and IIIB has the highest

63
Q

What is a combustible liquid

A

a liquid with a flash point between 100 and 200F

64
Q

do flammable gases have flashpoints?

A

no because they are already in a gaseous state. they have flammable ranges instead

65
Q

what is LEL and UEL

A

lower explosive limit - leanest vapor to air concentration that will sustain a burn or explosion

upper explosive limit - richest vapor to air concentration that will burn or explode

66
Q

what happens above a UEL?

A

the vapor concentration is too high and there is not enough air to support burning

67
Q

explosive dusts

A

usually explode if mixed with air and an ignition source such as static electricity

68
Q

What are pyrophorics

A

substances that will ignite spontaneously in air below 130F

69
Q

what are explosives

A

substances that undergo rapid chemical transformation which produce large amounts of gases and heat

70
Q

high explosives usually contain ______

they require what to detonate?

A

nitrogen

require mechanical impact, friction or heat

they are higher velocity than low explosives

71
Q

define corrosion

A

a substance that can cause harm to living tissue or react chemically with steel

72
Q

what is the criteria for corrosivity

A

liquid w/ pH lower than 2 or higher than 12.5

reacts with steel at a rate of .025 ‘’ (6.35mm) a year at 55C

73
Q

caustics are a term for

A

acids and bases

74
Q

toxicity…. LD50 for
acute oral ____
dermal ____

LC50 (lethal concentration)
inhalation _____

A

acute oral - less than 5,000 mg/kg single dose
dermal - less than 4300 mg/kg in 4 hour period
inhalation - less than 10,000 ppm or 1%

75
Q

what is bioaccumulation or magnificaiton

A

any substance that can persist in the human body

76
Q

what are cryogenics

A

liquefied gases kept at very low temperatures -260C

77
Q

how can a gas be an asphyxiant

A

by depleting oxygen from the ambient air

78
Q

what is IDLH

A

immediately dangerous to life and health

79
Q

what is a BLEVE

A

boiling liquid expending vapor explosion

when a liquid evaporates in a confined area it puts pressure on its container. a common type of explosion to derailed railroad containers

80
Q

if emergency flares are used they should be placed (upwind/downwind) of a hazmat spill

A

upwind

81
Q

What is the ICS

A

incident command system (replaced the HMER haz mat emergency response plan)

82
Q

what are the three phases in a hazmat incident/spill

A

critical phase
containment stage
clean up and disposal

83
Q

absolute press = _________________ pressure + atmospheric pressure

A

gauge pressure + atmospheric pressure

84
Q

What is ACGIH

A

American conference of government industrial hygienists

85
Q

acute exposure

A

short term, on time exposure with immediate response

86
Q

what is an aerosol

A

dispersion of particles (may be solid, or liquid) in a gaseous medium

87
Q

describe the condition of “air inversion”

A

when air temperatures are colder closer to earth and warmer farther away. typically it’s the reverse.

this condition can trap gases and vapors close to the surface

88
Q

CEQA stands for

A

California environmental quality act

89
Q

CERCLA stands for

A

comprehensive environmental response, compensation and liability act (1980)

90
Q

chronic

A

long term exposure

91
Q

colorimetric tubes are aka _____- tubes and they contain chemical indicators for testing airborne concentrations

A

draeger tubes

92
Q

what is a control agent

A

any material that is used to contain or extinguish a hazardous material or its vapors

93
Q

what is evaporation

A

at ambient temperatures when a substance changes form a liquid to a vapor state

94
Q

what is flame impingement

A

the points where flames contact the surface of a container

95
Q

what is flashback

A

re-ignition of a flammable liquid

96
Q

what is a floating roof

A

a type of roof used on oil tanks to prevent the vapor space over the liquid

97
Q

what are fusible plugs

A

a threaded plug designed to melt away to allow the escape of a gas rather than combustion

98
Q

NIOSH stands for

A

national institute of occupational safety and health

99
Q

a non liquefied gas is one that is entirely gaseous at a temp of ____F

A

70F

100
Q

OSHA stands for

A

occupational safety and heath administration

101
Q

what is miscibility

A

a flammable liquids ability to mix with water

102
Q

two common liquefied petroleum gases are

A

propane and butane

103
Q

what is a plume

A

the general shape of a spill or release

104
Q

PEL stands for

A

permissible exposure limit

105
Q

SARA stands for

A

superfund amendments and reauthorization act 1986

106
Q

STEL stands for

A

short term exposure limit

107
Q

TLV stands for

A

threshold limit value

108
Q

TSD stands for

A

treatment, storage, disposal

109
Q

TSDF stands for

A

treatment, storage, and disposal facility

110
Q

what is sublimation

A

the temperature at which a substance changes form a solid to a gas/vapor with no liquid stage in between.

111
Q

What does TWA stand for?

A

time weighted average. a ceiling exposure limit value.

112
Q

What is viscosity

A

the flow resistance characteristic of a liquid

113
Q

hazmat reporting thesholds

A

500 lbs solid
55 gallons liquid
200 cubic feet gas

114
Q 
disposal time frames
sqg
lqg
cesqg
satellite accumulation area
A

sqg 180
lqg 90
100 kg then 180 days
within 90 days of reaching 55gal/1 quart

115
Q

FEMA has a four category process regarding emergency management. what are the 4 categories

A

prevention or mitigation
preparedness
response
recovery

116
Q

local vs. systemic effects

A

local - reaction affects a certain part of the body - typically externally, occurs at site of contact

system effects - occur at site distant from route of entry. typically attack a target organ or systems

117
Q

TLV stands for ____ and is what?

A

threshold limit values

chemical concentrations to which workers may be exposed all day without adverse effect

118
Q

TWA stands for ____ and is what?

A

time weighted average

avg concentration of a chemical most workers can be repeatedly exposed to during an 8 hour day, 40 hours work week without developing adverse or chronic effects

119
Q

STEL stands for _____ and is what?

A

short term exposure limit

allowable exposure concentration for a short time period (15 minutes average)

120
Q

IDLH stands for

A

immediately dangerous to life and health

irreversible damage or death

121
Q

____________ is the maximum exposure concentration at any time

A

ceiling

122
Q

a _______________ is a substance or condition resulting in congenital malformations/birthdefects

A

teratogen

123
Q

a __________________ is an agent that causes chromosomal damage or rearrangement resulting in an alteration of the genetic code within a cell

A

mutagen

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