Unit 2, Chapter 11

Question 1

Judiciary acts of 1801

What did it create?

Answer 1

Passed by the departing federalist congress, it created 16 new judgeships, ensuring a federalist hold on the judiciary

Question 2

Midnight judges

Answer 2

(1801) federal justices appointed by John Adams during the last days of his presidency
- positions were revoked when the newly elected republican congress repealed the judiciary act

Question 3

Marbury vs. Madison

Answer 3

(1803) Supreme Court case that established the principal of “Judicial Review”

Question 4

Judicial review

Answer 4

The idea that the Supreme Court had the final authority to determine constitutionality

Question 5

Tripolitian war
(How long? Between who?)

Answer 5

(1801-1805) four-year conflict between the American navy and the North African nation of Tripoli over piracy in the Mediterranean
-Jefferson reluctantly deployed American forces, eventually securing a peace treaty with Tripoli

Question 6

Haitian revolution

Where? What did this result in?

Answer 6

(1791-1804) war incited by a slave uprising in French-controlled Saint Dominique
-resulted in the creation of the first independent black republic in the Americas

Question 7

Louisiana Purchase

Answer 7

(1803) Acquisition of Louisiana Territory from France

- more than doubled the territory of the United States, opening vast tracts for settlement

Question 8

Corps of discovery

Answer 8

(1804-1806) team of adventurers sent by Thomas Jefferson to explore Louisiana territory and find a water route to the pacific
-led by meriwether Lewis and William Clark who brought back detailed accounts of the west’s flora, fauna, and native populations, and their voyage demonstrated the viability of overland travel to the west

Question 9

Orders in council

Answer 9

(1806-1807) edicts issued by the British crown closing French-owned European ports to foreign shipping
-cut off American merchants from trade with both parties

Question 10

Revolution of 1800

Answer 10

Electoral victory of democratic republicans over the federalist a, who lost their congressional majority and the presidency
-solidified faith in Americas political system

Question 11

Impressment

Answer 11

(1793-1815) Act of forcibly drafting an individual into military service, employed by the British navy against American seamen in times of war against France

Question 12

Chesapeake affair

Answer 12

(1807) conflict between Britain and the United States that precipitated the 1807 embargo act
- started when a British ship, in search of deserters, fired on the American Chesapeake off the coast of Virginia

Question 13

Embargo act

Answer 13

(1807) enacted in response to British and French mistreatment of America. Merchants, the act banned the export of all goods from the United States to any foreign port
- placed great strains on the American economy, while only marginally affecting its European targets
- repealed in 1809

Question 14

Non-intercourse act

What was it passed alongside?

Answer 14

(1809) passed alongside the repeal of the embargo act

- reopened trade with a lot but the two belligerent nations, Britain and France

Question 15

Macon’s bill No. 2

Answer 15

(1810) stipulated that if either Britain or France repealed its trade restrictions, the United States would reinstate the embargo act against the non-repealing nation
- aimed resuming peaceful trade with France and Britain

Question 16

War Hawks

Answer 16

(1811-1812) democratic republican congressmen who pressed James Madison to declare war on Britain
-resented British constraints on American trade and accused the British of supporting Indian attacks against American settlements on the frontier

Question 17

Battle of Tippecanoe

Answer 17

(1811) resulted in the defeat of Shawnee chief Tenskwatawa, “the prophet,” at the hands of William Henry Harrison in the Indiana wilderness