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Head & Neck Anatomy > Alveolar Bone > Flashcards

Alveolar Bone Flashcards

1
Q

What are the characteristics and functions of Alveolar bone? (3)

A
  • forms the alveolar processes
  • forms with tooth development
  • provides support for teeth (alveoli and supporting bone)
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2
Q

What are Osteoblasts? What is their function? (2)

A
  • produce osteoid which subsequently calcifies

- form bone matrix that later calcifies

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3
Q

What are Osteoclasts? What is their function?(3)

A
  • break down bone
  • associated with bone resorption in Howships’ lacunae
  • is multinucleated (releases enzymes to break down tissues, then engulfs it, then breaks it down again)
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4
Q

What are Osteocytes? What is their function? (2)

A
  • osteoblasts trapped in calcified matrix (lacunae)

- inactive (still alive)

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5
Q

What are Lacunae? (2)

A
  • spaces within the bone

- Howship’s: to house osteoclasts

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6
Q

What are Canaliculi? (3)

A
  • narrow channels connecting lacunae (cells)
  • brings O2 and nutrients via blood to osteocytes
  • removes metabolic wastes
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7
Q

What happens to the alveolar process when there is no teeth?

A

There is no alveolar process formation. Resorption occurs after teeth removed.

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8
Q

What is the normal height of the alveolar crest of bone in relation to the teeth?

A

1-2 mm apical to CEJ in health. The crest of interproximal higher than facial and lingual bone/ plates

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9
Q

What does thickness and contour of alveolar bone depend on? (5)

A
  • position of teeth in arch (normally conforms to contour of root)
  • position of teeth in relation to each other
  • angulation of root
  • occlusal forces
  • angle of interproximal bone depends on position of adjacent teeth
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10
Q

Where is Interdental Septum located? What does it consist of?

A
  • between the roots of adjacent teeth (interproximal bone)
  • is spongy bone and alveolar bone proper. Cortical on facial and lingual surfaces
  • The crest of bone lies parallel to line drawn between CEJ’s (in health)
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11
Q

Where is Interradicular Bone? What is it?

A
  • Found between furcation areas

- Alveolar proper adjacent to root and spongy / supporting bone

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12
Q

Where is Radicular bone? What is it?

A
  • Bone facial and lingual to teeth (alveolar process on facial and lingual)
  • Alveolar bone proper adjacent to roots, spongy bone (supporting) and cortical plate on outermost aspect
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13
Q

Where is Basal Bone? What is it?

A
  • Bone below alveolar processes, below teeth forming base of ridges
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14
Q

What is cancellous (spongy) bone?

A
  • Also called trabeculae
  • Blood vessels travel through, and looks like honeycomb
  • Is a supporting bone, it is located beneath everything
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15
Q

What is cortical bone?

A
  • Is hard bony plate, consisting of layers of lamellae
  • is the Basal bone (bottom of alveolar ridges)
  • provides attachment for gingival fibers
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16
Q

What is Alveolar Bone Proper?

A
  • it forms the tooth socket, where roots sit
  • has holes in it, sharpeys fibers and blood vessels
  • similar in appearance to cribiform plate
17
Q

What forces occur to initiate or stimulate formation or resportion?

A

The process of teeth forming and erupting. Osteoblasts form to resorbe bone

18
Q

What are the responses of alveolar bone to physiological migration? (mesial drift)

A

In adult dentition, slight mesial tilt of teeth in addition to wear of proximal contacts
Natural processes occur with growth and development
Resorption and formation (pressure vstension)

19
Q

Is there any difference in the response to occlusal forces?

A

It is a constant process of formation / resorption

Balance of healthy force to maintain adequate support and structure

20
Q

What is Fenestration?

A

When the root surface is not covered by bone.
Is an isolated area that doesn’t involve margin of bone
Is a window like structure in radicular bone

21
Q

What is Dehiscence?

A

When the root surface is not covered by bone except it does involve marginal bone.

22
Q

What is alveolar bone?

A

Bone surrounding and supporting teeth

23
Q

What is the alveolus?

A

Socket – where teeth roots are located.

24
Q

Which tissue is most active in apposition and resorption, cementum or bone?

A

Bone

25
Q

What are the organic components of bone?

A

Osteocytes, ground substance, non-mineralized tissue

26
Q

What are the inorganic components of bone?

A

Mineralized components - hydroxyapatite crystals.

27
Q

If teeth are subjected to occlusal stress, what will happen to the supporting bone?

A

Will likely increase thickness and # of trabeculae

28
Q

What is bundle bone?

A
  • Is also called alveolar bone proper – also be called bundle because of fiber bundles of PDL inserting into it and bone forming around the Sharpey fibers.
  • Bundle bone is often associated with added bone and remodeling around the S Fibers so in reference to later in development (ie Adult)
29
Q

Which tissue contains Sharpey’s fibers, cementum or bone?

A

Both as they are the ‘terminal’ ends of the PDL.

30
Q

What is the bone ‘area’ called that separates one socket from another? .

A

It is the Interdental septum

31
Q

What is the bone called that separates the roots of the teeth? (or is situated between the roots)?

A

Interradicular *Radicular refers to root area.

32
Q

What is the name of the compact bone on the buccal or lingual surface?

A

Cortical plates of bone

33
Q

What is the purpose of the cortical plate?

A

Protection of all bone and CT structures deep to it, also a site for muscle attachment. *and periosteum (for CT attachment)

34
Q

What is the cribriform plate or alveolar bone proper?

A

Bone lining the tooth Socket, is a thin compact type of bone with several holes due to sharpey’s fibers (in life)

35
Q

What is the bone called when additional bone is laid down on the cribriform plate? What is it called when seen on a radiograph?

A

Bundle bone

Lamina dura

36
Q

What type of bone lies between the cortical plate and the cribriform plate?

A

Cancellous / spongy bone / is the trabeculae of bone

37
Q

Where is the alveolar crest of bone?

A

Crest of interdental septum and surrounding the tooth. Radiographically – reference is to the interdental because it is not visible facial and lingual.

38
Q

What can the alveolar crest radiographically tell you about periodontal health?

A

Can see bone loss interproximally as well as the CEJ

Head & Neck Anatomy (14 decks)

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