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Head & Neck Anatomy > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 Muscles of Mastication:

A
  1. Masseter Muscle
  2. Temporalis
  3. Medial Pterygoid
  4. Lateral Pterygoid
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2
Q

What are the Origin, Insertion and Action of the Masseter Muscle?

A

ORIGIN: superficial – anterior 2/3rd of inferior border of zygomatic arch, runs down and back.

INSERTION: Lateral surface of the angle of the mandible and posterior border of the ramus.

ACTION: Elevates (closes) and clenches teeth. Slightly protrudes

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3
Q

What are the Origin, Insertion and Action of the Temporalis?

A

ORIGIN: Temporal Fossa. Fibers converge as they move vertically passing under zygomatic arch.

INSERTION: Medial and anterior surface of the coronoid process and the anterior border of the ramus

ACTION: Elevates or closes jaw, clenches teeth. Retrudes the mandible.

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4
Q

What are the Origin, Insertion and Action of the Medial Pterygoid (aka interal pterygoid)?

A

ORIGIN: Medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate and few fibers from the maxillary tuberosity. Fibers run down and back.

INSERTION: Medial surface of the angle of the mandible.

ACTION: Elevation of the mandible.

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5
Q

What are the Origin, Insertion and Action of the Lateral Pterygoid (aka external pterygoid)?

A

ORIGIN: 2 heads – Larger inferior head: lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate.
Smaller superior head - infratemporal surface of the greater wing of sphenoid.

INSERTION: Inferior head – neck of condyle (also fibers into the capsule).
Superior head - articular capsule and articular disc of the TMJ.
*both heads insert into the fibers of the capsule and neck of the condyle.

ACTION: Opening movements of the jaw, protrusive, and lateral excursive.

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6
Q

What are the 4 muscles of the Suprahyoid Group and what is the main function?

A

Act to depress the mandible

  1. Digastric Muscle
  2. Mylohyoid Muscle
  3. Geniohyoid Muscle
  4. Stylohyoid Muscle
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7
Q

What are the Origin, Insertion and Action of the Digastric Muscle?

A

ORIGIN: Mastoid (or digastric) notch just medial to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. Fibers run down and forward to the intermediate tendon which attaches to the hyoid.

INSERTION: Fibers continue from the intermediate tendon forward to insert into the area of the digastric fossa.

ACTION: Retrudes the mandible. Lifts the larynx when the teeth are clenched (swallowing) and assists in depression of the mandible.

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8
Q

What are the Origin, Insertion and Action of the Mylohyoid muscle?

A

ORIGIN: Mylohyoid line.

INSERTION: Hyoid bone, posterior aspect only. Other is median raphe.

ACTION: Depression of the mandible or elevation of hyoid bone.

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9
Q

What are the Origin, Insertion and Action of the geniohyoid muscle?

A

ORIGIN: Genial tubercle.

INSERTION: Hyoid bone.

ACTION: Depressor of the mandible or elevator of hyoid bone.

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10
Q

What are the Origin, Insertion and Action of the stylohyoid muscle?

A

ORIGIN: Styloid process.

INSERTION: Hyoid bone. Muscle splits and part of digastric passes through it.

ACTION: A stabilizer. Pulls the hyoid gone backward and upward, unlike other suprahyoids this one is not a depressor

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11
Q

What are the 4 muscles of the Infrahyoid Group and what is their main function?

A

Stabilize the hyoid bone.

  1. Omohyoid Muscle
  2. Sternohyoid Muscle
  3. Sternothyroid Muscle
  4. Thyrohyoid Muscle
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12
Q

What are the Origin, Insertion and Action of the Omohyoid muscle?

A

ORIGIN: Inner surface of scapula.

INSERTION: Hyoid bone.

ACTION: Pulls hyoid downward.

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13
Q

What are the Origin, Insertion and Action of the sternohyoid muscle?

A

ORIGIN: Sternum – upper border.

INSERTION: Hyoid bone.

ACTION: Pulls hyoid downward.

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14
Q

What are the Origin, Insertion and Action of the sternothyroid muscle?

A

ORIGIN: Sternum – upper part.

INSERTION: Thyroid cartilage.

ACTION: Pulls larynx downward.

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15
Q

What are the Origin, Insertion and Action of the Thyrohyoid Muscle?

A

ORIGIN: Thyroid cartilage.

INSERTION: Hyoid bone.

ACTION: Lifts the thyroid cartilage and raises the larynx or helps to depress the hyoid bone.

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16
Q

What are the Origin, Insertion and Action of the Sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A

ORIGIN: Sternum – upper part and medial 1/3 of clavicle (collarbone).

INSERTION: Mastoid process.

ACTION: Tilt or rotate the head.

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17
Q

What are the Origin, Insertion and Action of the trapezius muscle?

A

ORIGIN: Occipital protuberance and superior nuchal lines. Also from spinous process of cervical and thoracic vertebrae.

INSERTION: Scapula and lateral 1/3 of clavicle.

ACTION: Adduct and elevate the scapula and to slightly rotate it. Motion of shrugging shoulders.

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18
Q

What are the Origin, Insertion and Action of the scalp (epicranius (occipitofrontalis) or epicranial?

A

ORIGIN: 2 bellies – front belly originates at the CT of the scalp at the epicranial aponeurosis (tendon at the area of the occipital and parietal bones). Occipital part originates from the occipital bone and mastoid process

INSERTION: Front belly inserts into the skin tissue of the eyebrow and root of the nose. Occipital belly inserts into the tendon mentioned above.

ACTION: Raises forehead, eyebrows and moves scalp. “Surprise” expression.

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19
Q

What are the Origin, Insertion and Action of the neck (platysma)?

A

ORIGIN: Inferior border of the mandible

INSERTION: CT of the chest just below the clavicle and shoulder.

ACTION: Moves skin over neck area; upwards from clavicle and downwards from corners of mouth and mandible. “Grimace” expression. “eeeeekk”

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20
Q

What are the Origin, Insertion and Action of the eyes (orbicularis oculii)?

A

** 2 parts: Palpebral part, (Levator Palpebrae Superioris) fibers in upper eyelids and Orbital part circles eyes.

ORIGIN: Palpebral – upper lid and upper edge of orbit.
Orbital – medial and lateral edges of orbit.

INSERTION: Same as above.

ACTION: Palpebral part lifts upper eye lids while the Orbital part closes eyelids and contracts tissue around the eyes. “Winking”.

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21
Q

What are the Origin, Insertion and Action of the eyes (corrugator)?

A

ORIGIN: Bridge of nose region (frontal bone) and medial supraorbital.

INSERTION: Laterally to superior region of eyebrow.

ACTION: Pulls brow downward and medially “Frown”.

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22
Q

What are the Origin, Insertion and Action of the mouth (orbicularis oris)?

A

ORIGIN: Other facial muscles and labial alveolar bone.

INSERTION: Within tissue of upper and lower lips surrounding the mouth.

ACTION: Seal opening, presses lips against teeth, protrudes lips. “Pursed”.

23
Q

What are the Origin, Insertion and Action of the mouth (mentalis)?

A

ORIGIN: Mandibular incisive fossa (below laterals) on the mandible near the midline.

INSERTION: Midline skin of the chin.

ACTION: Pulls up and tightens chin, or protruding the lips. “Pouting”.

24
Q

What are the Origin, Insertion and Action of the Levator Labii Superioris Alaeque Nasi?

A

ORIGIN: Frontal process of maxilla lateral side of nose.

INSERTION: Upper lip and into the ala of the nose.

ACTION: Raise upper lip and dilates nostrils. “Sneer”.

25
Q

What are the Origin, Insertion and Action of the Levator Labii Superioris?

A

ORIGIN: Inferior orbital margin.

INSERTION: Upper lip.

ACTION: Elevates upper lip.

26
Q

What are the Origin, Insertion and Action of the zygomaticus major?

A

ORIGIN: Zygomatic bone, lateral to the zygomaticus minor.

INSERTION: Angle of the mouth.

ACTION: Elevates the angle of the upper lip and pulls laterally. “Smiling/Laughing.”

27
Q

What are the Origin, Insertion and Action of the zygomaticus minor?

A

ORIGIN: Facial aspect of zygomatic bone.

INSERTION: Upper lip.

ACTION: Elevates upper lip, assisting in smiling. Dilates nostrils. “Sneer/Elvis”

28
Q

What are the Origin, Insertion and Action of the levator anguli oris muscle?

A

ORIGIN: Deep to both zygomaticus muscles. Originates at canine fossa of maxilla.

INSERTION: Tissues at angle of mouth.

ACTION: Elevates angle of mouth. Helps with Zygomaticus Major. “Smile”.

29
Q

What are the Origin, Insertion and Action of the depressor labii inferioris?

A

ORIGIN: Lower border of mandible, inferior to angle of the mouth.

INSERTION: Lower lip, in the skin.

ACTION: Pulls lower lip down, “Pout”.

30
Q

What are the Origin, Insertion and Action of the depressor anguloris?

A

ORIGIN: Lower border of mandible.

INSERTION: Angles of mouth.

ACTION: Pulls corners of mouth down. A continuation of the Platysma. “Grimace or Frown”.

31
Q

What are the Origin, Insertion and Action of the buccinator?

A

ORIGIN: Pterygomandibular raphe, buccal alveolar bone max and mand.

INSERTION: Fibers of the orbicularis Oris at corners of the mouth.

ACTION: Also considered an accessory muscle of mastication. Tightens cheeks against teeth, sucking, blowing, keeps cheeks taught to avoid biting. “Blowing up balloons.”

32
Q

What are the Origin, Insertion and Action of the risorius?

A

ORIGIN: Facial of masseter and platysma (soft tissue near angle of mandible)

INSERTION: Skin at angle of mouth.

ACTION: Poorly developed but assists in pulling angle of mouth post. “Grin”.

33
Q

What are the characteristics(4) and main function of the muscles of the soft palate?

A

main function: lift the soft palate and moves posteriorly.

  1. Involved in speaking and swallowing
  2. Necessary for respiration; forms the upper respiratory tract
  3. Also involved in the digestive tract
  4. Helps seal off the nasal from the oral cavities
34
Q

What is the action of the soft palate muscle: palatoglossal?

A

ACTION: Pulls lateral of tongue up and back and pulls soft palate down at lateral edges.

35
Q

What is the action of the soft palate muscle palatopharyngeal?

A

ACTION: Narrows the fauces, elevates and dilates the pharynx to seal nasopharynx during swallowing.

36
Q

What is the action of the soft palate muscle the uvula?

A

ACTION: Broadens and shortens; changes contour of soft palate to meet posterior pharynx. Helps close off the nasopharynx during swallowing.

37
Q

What is the action of the soft palate muscle levator veli palatini?

A

ACTION: Elevates posterior of soft palate to close off nose during swallowing.

38
Q

What is the action of the soft palate muscle tensor veli palatini?

A

ACTION: Tenses anterior of soft palate.

39
Q

What are the 2 groups of muscles of the pharynx and what is their main functions?

A
  1. Constrictors
  2. Dilators (only one noted in text)

functions: involved in swallowing, speaking, and middle ear functions.

note:
- Pharynx is part of the respiratory and digestive tract.
- Connected to both nasal and oral cavities.

40
Q

What are the 3 paired muscles of pharyngeal constrictors and what is their action and insertion?

A
  • superior
  • middle
  • inferior

ACTION: Lift larynx and pharynx to receive food and moves it down esophagus during swallowing. Constricts.
INSERTION: Median raphe tendon, at posterior midline.

41
Q

What are the 3 pharyngeal elevators and dilators? What is their main function?

A
  1. PALATOPHARYNGEAL – also soft palate muscle.
  2. STYLOPHARYNGEAL – main dilator.
  3. SALPINGOPHARYNGEAL – not noted in text.

ACTION: Lift and open (dilate) pharynx.

42
Q

What are the 4 intrinsic muscles of the tongue and their locations?

A
  1. SUPERIOR LONGITUDINAL: Top/dorsal (anterior to posterior).
  2. INFERIOR LONGITUDINAL: Same as above, but on ventral surface.
  3. TRANSVERSE: Side to side, from median.
  4. VERTICAL: Dorsal to ventral.
43
Q

What are the 4 groups of extrinsic tongue muscles?

A
  1. Genioglossus
  2. Hyoglossus
  3. Styloglossus
  4. Palatoglossus
44
Q

What are the Origin, Insertion and Action of the genioglossus?

A

**fan shaped.

ORIGIN: Genial Tubercles.

INSERTION: Midline of tongue (ventral).

ACTION: Protrudes and depresses the tongue.

45
Q

What are the Origin, Insertion and Action of the hyoglossus?

A

ORIGIN: Hyoid Bone.

INSERTION: Lateral borders.

ACTION: Pulls lateral edges to the floor, depresses the tongue.

46
Q

What are the Origin, Insertion and Action of the styloglossus?

A

ORIGIN: Styloid process.

INSERTION: Lateral borders of the tongue.

ACTION: Retracts the tongue moving it superior and posterior.

47
Q

What are the Origin, Insertion and Action of the palatoglossus?

A

ORIGIN: Median palatine raphe of soft palate.

INSERTION: Lateral surface of the tongue.

ACTION: Pulls lateral of tongue up and back and pulls soft palate down at lateral edges.

48
Q

**What are the muscles of mastication responsible for? (action)

A

All movements of the mandible (elevation, depression, retrusion, and lateral movements)

49
Q

**What is the most powerful muscle of the muscles of mastication?

A

Masseter

50
Q

**What intraoral structure is formed by the Mylohyoid Muscle?

A

Floor of the mouth

51
Q

**What are the (3) muscle groups associated with the eyes?

What function do these muscles provide?

A

Orbicularis oculi (2 parts)
Corrugator
Procerus

Open/close eyelids and move brows down and medial

52
Q

Besides being a muscle of facial expression, what else does the Buccinator play a role in?

A

Mastication - chewing food

53
Q

What are some muscles that are involved in the swallowing process?

A

Muscles of facial expression, tongue muscles, supra/infrahyoids

Palatal muscles, pharyngeal dilators and constrictors,

Head & Neck Anatomy (14 decks)

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