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Biology 101 > Circulatory System > Flashcards

Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

blood vessels

A

transports blood from the heart to the body cells and back again

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2
Q

arteries

A

vessels that carry blood away from the heart

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3
Q

arterioles

A

arteries that divide into smaller arteries

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4
Q

capillaries

A

smallest of blood vessels; connect arterioles outflow to venous return
considered the functional units of the cardiovascular system
have very thin walls which allow oxygen nutrients and waste to be exchanged between the blood and body tissue

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5
Q

aorta

A

largest artery of the body

supplies all parts of the body with oxygenated blood and has four principle divisions

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6
Q

ascending aorta

A

emerges from the left ventricle posterior to the pulmonary trunk
contains the aortic valve
arches to form the aortic arch
gives off two coronary artery branches that supply the myocardium

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7
Q

aortic arch

A

the most superior portion of the aorta
the ascending aorta turns left for,ing an arch descends and e ds at the level of the interverebral disc between the fourth and fifth thorasic vertebrae

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8
Q

descending aorta

A

continues the aortic arch

it extends from the arch into the abdomen where it bifurcates into the common iliac arteries

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9
Q

thoracic aorta

A

section of arch between the arch of the aorta and the diaphram

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10
Q

coronary arteries

A

the first and only branch from the ascending portion of the aorta
provide blood to the myocardium of the heart

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11
Q

brachiocephalic artery

A

the first vessel off the aortic arch

bifurcates intomthe right common carotid and right subclavian arteries

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12
Q

right common carotid artery

A

supplies blood to the right side of the face and head

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13
Q

right subclavian artery

A

supplies blood to the right upper extremity as well as throughout the right side of the thoracic region

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14
Q

left common carotid artery

A

supplies blood to the left side of the face and head

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15
Q

internal caortid artery

A

supply blood to portions of the brain

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16
Q

external carotid arteries

A

supply blood to the face, scalp, and neck

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17
Q

left and right subclavian artery

A

supples blood the left upper extremity as well as throughout the left side of the thoracic region

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18
Q

axially arteries

A

continuation of the subclavian arteries; beginning at the lateral border of the first rib and continuing until armpit region where they become brachial arteries

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19
Q

brachial arteries

A

continuations of the axially arteries along each humerus. they bifurcate into smaller arteries in the hands. common site for measuring blood pressure.

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20
Q

radial and ulnar arteries

A

bifurcate into smaller arteries in the hand. common site for radial pulse

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21
Q

vertebral arteries

A

branch from subclavian arteries. travel superiorly through the forearm magnum where they anastamos to for basilar artery

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22
Q

basilar artery

A

anastamos with two internal carotid arteries to form the circle of willis

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23
Q

circle of willis

A

serves as the major blood supplier to the brain

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24
Q

common iliac arteries

A

provide blood to the pelvic region external genitals and lower extremities
formed when the abdominal aorta bifurcates just superior to the pelvic brim

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25
Q

popliteal arteries

A

direct contiunation the femoral arerties as they pass throught the popliteal regions

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26
Q

anterior and posterior tibial arteries

A

travel the entire length of the leg until they terminate in the feet where smaller branches supply the feet with blood

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27
Q

peroneal arteries

A

travel down the lateral, posterior portion of the leg until they reach the feet where they terminate

28
Q

heart

A

pumping mechanism located in the mediastunum

29
Q

mediastinum

A

mass of tissues and organs that serparate the lungs

contains the heart, large vessels, trachea, esphagus, and thymus glands

30
Q

base

A

wide posterior surface of the heart formed by the atria

31
Q

apex

A

inferior narrow section the heart formed by they tip of the left ventricle

32
Q

endocardium

A

the inner layer - innermost layer that forms the calves and lines the chambers of the heart

33
Q

myocardium

A

the middle layer - large muscular second layer. forms bulk of the heart wall and is reponsible for its pumping actions

34
Q

epicardium

A

the external layer - the next layer after the myocardium. it folds back on itself forming a double walled sac knonw as the pericardium or parcardial sac

35
Q

pericardium

A

the membrane that surround and protec the heart - the outermost layer

36
Q

parital layer

A

outer layer fromed by the paracardium

37
Q

pericardial space or cavity

A

space located between the isceral and parietal layers of the pericardium. contains fluid that reduce friction caused by movement of the heart

38
Q

atria

A

two upper chambers of the heart

receiving chambers of the heart

39
Q

right atrium

A

forms right border of the receives deoxygenated blood from three veins (superoir vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus

40
Q

left atrium

A

forms most of the bas of the heart

receives oxygen-enriched blood from the lungs through the pulmonary veins

41
Q

ventricles

A

two lower chambers of the heart

known as the pumping chambers of the heart

42
Q

right ventricle

A

froms the most anterior surface of the heart

pumps blood to the lungs to receive oxygen

43
Q

left ventricle

A

thickest chamber of the heart
froms the apex
blood passes from the left ventricle through the aortic valve.
pumps blood to all other parts of the body

44
Q

valves of the heart

A

allow blood to flow in one direction and prevents backward flow in the opposite direction

45
Q

atrioventrcular valve

A

made up of flaps of the endocardium. named for their location because they are located beween an atrium and a ventricle

46
Q

right atrioventricular valve (tricuspid valve)

A

prevents blood from flowing back into the right atrium atrium from the right ventricle

47
Q

left atrioventricular valve (bicuspid or mitral valve)

A

pevents blood from flowing back into the left atrium from the left ventricle

48
Q

semilunar valve

A

made of the aortic and pulmonary valves made from flapsof the endocardium.
crescent shaped

49
Q

right semilunar valve (pulmonary valve)

A

prevents blood from flowing back into the right ventricle form the pulmonary arteries

50
Q

left semilunar valve (aortic valve)

A

prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle from the aorta

51
Q

blood vessels

A

transports blood from the hear to the body cells and back again

52
Q

arteries

A

vessels that carry blood away from the heart

53
Q

arterioles

A

arteries that divide into smaller arteries

54
Q

capillaries

A

connects arterioles to venules
functional units of the cardiovascular system
very thin walls that allow oxygen nutrients and wast to be exchanged between the blood and the tissue

55
Q

sinusoids

A

blood reservoirs composed of the capillary networks

located within the vital organs of the body (heart, brain, liver, spleen)

56
Q

venules

A

anastomose with other venules to form larger blood vessels known as veins

57
Q

veins

A

return blood back to the heart

58
Q

anastomose

A

connection of branches

59
Q

bifurcate

A

splitting or dividing of a vessel into branches

60
Q

ascending aorta

A

the portion of the aort that emerges from the left ventricle
turns left forming an arch

61
Q

aortic arch

A

the most supeior portion of the aorta

62
Q

descending aorta

A

contiunes the aortic arch

it extends from the arch into the abdomen where it bifurcates into the common iliac arteries

63
Q

pulmonary circulation

A

right side of heart is the pump
receives dark red, deoxygenated blood returning from systemic circulation
right atrium receives bllod from superior and inferior vena cava and coronary sinus dumps into right ventricle by the tricuspid vavle
right ventricle ejects blood into pulmonary trunk, valve, and arteries
pulmonary trunk carries blood –> lungs –> capillaries (gas exhchange occurs)
blood unloads CO2 and gains 02
oxygenated blood flows from capillaries –> pulmonary veins and returns to left atrium

64
Q

systemic circulation

A

left side of the heart is the pump
receives bright red, cxygenated blood returing from pulmonary circulation
left atrium receives blood from pulmonary veins
dumps into left ventricle by biscuspid valve
left ventricle ejects bllod into aorta and systemic arteries by aortic valve
aorta carries blood –> organs/tissues of the body –> capillaries (gas exchange occurs)
in systemic capillaries, blood loses O2 and gains CO2
deoxygenated blood flows away from capillaries –> supperior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus –> right atrium for recirculated

65
Q

coronary circulation

A

nutrients are not able to diffuse quickly enough from blood in the chambers to the heart wall
for this reason the myocardium has its own network of blood vessels

Biology 101 (23 decks)

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