history quiz 1: review and quiz questions Flashcards
debates about the aboriginal origins (2)
creation myths
Beringia
population levels before the contact (2)
Canada 500,000 - 2 million
North America 3-10 million
(consider impact of diseases)
aboriginal groups in the eastern woodlands differences (3)
linguistic
subsistence
political
aboriginal groups in the eastern woodlands (2)
algonquians
iroquoians
Algonquian groups (5)
mi’kmaq
innu (Montagnais and Naskapi)
Algonquin
Ojibwa
Cree
Iroquoians (2–> 5)
confederacies
-Huron/Wendat
(rock, bear, deer, cord)
-Iroquois (Five Nations) Seneca Cayuga Oneida Onondoga Mohawk
common cultural traditions (4)
decentralized government
means of social control
trade
spiritual traditions
decentralized government in aboriginal cultures
personal autonomy: men and women
means of social control in aboriginal cultures (3)
kin
retribution
restitution
characteristics of aboriginal cultures (conclusion)
constant adaptation and change (norm!)
Iroquoian-speaking characteristics (3)
Sedentary settled villages (~1500)
Farmers (80% food–> agriculture)
Denser population
Iroquoian-speaking: social organization (4)
Female centre
Women in control of food supply
Matrilineal
Matrilocal
Iroquoian-speaking: politics (2)
Confederacies–> annual chiefs meetings (chiefs chosen by women)
Combination of matriarchal (decisions) and patriarchal (public face)
Iroquoian-speaking: warfare (4)
Men proving manhood (weren’t out as much as Algonquian that relied more on hunting)
Defence strategy (every 15-20 years villages would move to another territory)
Need to have more territory
Take captives–>mourning wars
Mourning wars (2)
Replace deaths with captives
If willing, captive would get adopted and receive dead’s name
Algonquian and Iroquoian- Shared Characteristics: government (2)
Decentralized authority
Chief: spokesman and leader for guidance
Algonquian and Iroquoian- Shared Characteristics: Social Order (5)
No jails
Shaming
Expulsion (worst case)
Families: strong role
Family honour
Retribution/Revenge/Restitution (Blood Feud)
Algonquian and Iroquoian- Shared Characteristics: Blood Feud
Family of victim would seek revenge and kill murder–> cycle
Algonquian and Iroquoian- Shared Characteristics: Restitution (2)
Avoid murder cycle from blood feud
Murder would offer something to the victim’s family
Algonquian and Iroquoian- Shared Characteristics: Trade (4)
Satisfy necessities
Trade between Aboriginal groups
Establish a connection with other people
trust
social bond
alliances
Reciprocity
Algonquian and Iroquoian- Shared Characteristics: Reciprocity from trade
Wealth obtained through trade would be shared with the community