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Chemistry > Hydrocarbons > Flashcards

Hydrocarbons Flashcards

1
Q

What is a hydrocarbon?

A

A compound made up of hydrogen and carbon only.

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2
Q

What is the formula for alkane hydrocarbons?

A

C(n)H(2n+2)

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3
Q

What is the formula for alkenes?

A

C(n)H(2n)

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4
Q

What are the first ten hydrocarbons?

A 
Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane
Pentane
Hexane
Heptane
Octane
Nonane
Decane
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5
Q

Why are alkenes unsaturated?

A

Because they have a double bond

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6
Q

Why are alkanes saturated?

A

Because they have a single bond

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7
Q

How many bonds can carbon atoms have?

A

4 bonds

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8
Q

What are covalent bonds?

A

A bond between non metal atoms

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9
Q

What are intermolecular forces?

A

The attraction (force) between molecules that holds them together.

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10
Q

How are hydrocarbons separated? How are they broken?

A

1) Fractional distillation

2) Cracking

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11
Q

What temperature is crude oil heated to, in order for it to evaporate? What is this known as?

A

1) 350 degrees

2) Vaporisation

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12
Q

Are short or long chained hydrocarbons more useful?

A

Short chained hydrocarbons

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13
Q

What state are the shorter chain hydrocarbons in after fractional distillation?

A

Gases

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14
Q

What state are the longest chain hydrocarbons in after fractional distillation?

A

Residues

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15
Q

What is a fraction?

A

A group of hydrocarbons with similar properties and chain lengths, obtained from distilling crude oil

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16
Q

In a fractional column, where will longer chained hydrocarbons settle? Why?

A

They will settle towards the bottom of the fractional column because they have longer chains, meaning a larger surface area, and therefore more heat is needed to break their intermolecular forces

17
Q

In a fractional column, where will shorter chained hydrocarbons settle? Why?

A

They will settle towards the top of the fractional column because they have shorter chains, meaning a smaller surface area, and therefore less heat is needed to break their intermolecular forces

18
Q

What is cracking and how does it work?

A

A process which involves breaking the covalent bonds in longer chained hydrocarbons to form, more useful, shorter chain hydrocarbons

19
Q

In terms of hydrocarbons, what is formed after cracking has taken place?

A

A shorter chain alkane and an alkene

Chemistry (9 decks)

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