Neurotransmitters and their receptors part III

Question 1

What are the 5 group of Neuropeptides?

Answer 1

1. Brain/gut peptide
2. Opioid Peptides
3. Pituitary peptides
4. Hypothalamic releasing hormones
5. Other peptides
   * *These molecules are genetically encoded

Question 2

The part of the neuron involved in making Pre-propeptides is ___________.

Answer 2

rough ER

Question 3

The part of the neuron involved in making Propeptides is the _________

Answer 3

trans-golgi network

Question 4

Proteolytic processing of pre-propeptides (In the vesicle) can result in?

Answer 4

Several different active peptides and/or creates several copies of the same peptide

Question 5

Different peptides can be released from the same vesicles . True or False

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Peptides are also often co-released with classical neurotransmitters. True or False

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Morphine, heroin, and synthetic opiates such as methadone and fentanyl are potent what?

Answer 7

Analgesics

Question 8

3 group of endogenous opioid receptor ligands are?

Answer 8

1. Endorphine (endogenous morphine)
2. Enkephalins
3. Dynorphins

Question 9

3 Major GPCRs bind opioid peptides are?

Answer 9

1. Mu opioid receptors
2. Delta opioid receptors
3. Kappa opioid receptors

Question 10

Describe Mu opioid receptors

Answer 10

• Major analgesic target
• Also responsible for addictive effects
• Bind endorphins

Question 11

Describe Delta opioid receptors

Answer 11

• Minor analgesic target

- Bind enkephalins

Question 12

Describe Kappa opioid receptors

Answer 12

• Possible pro-nociceptive effects
• Cause dysphoria
• Bind dynorphin

Question 13

Where are enkephalins, endorphins and dynorphins released ?

Answer 13

Periaqueductal gray

**source of modulating pathways to the spinal cord.

Question 14

Enkephalins are also released directly in the ________ to blunt the effects of nociceptors activation.

Answer 14

Spinal Cord

Question 15

Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the active component of?

Answer 15

Marijuana

Question 16

What are the two types of Endocannabinoids?

Answer 16

2-AG

Anandamide

Question 17

what are the two cannabinoid receptors (G-protein coupled receptors)

Answer 17

• CB1

- CB2

Question 18

CB1 receptor is highly expressed in the?

Answer 18

Brain
-also found in adipose tissue, liver, muscle, and gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, reproductive and cardiovascular tissue.

Question 19

CB2 receptors are expressed primarily in?

Answer 19

Immune cells

Question 20

Physiological effects of (Endo-) cannabinoids are?

Answer 20

• Inhibition of adenylate cyclase
• Modulation of voltage-dependent calcium, and
• Potassium channels

Question 21

Enhancement of endocannabinoid signaling does what to the brain?

Answer 21

Produces anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects.

Question 22

Endocannabinoid system is involved in the regulation of ______ states.

Answer 22

Emotional

Question 23

Enhancement of endocannabinoid signaling produces analgesia. which is used to regulate?

Answer 23

Regulation of pain.

Question 24

Specialized Sensory Transducers is?

Answer 24

TRP Channel

• Temperature Sensing TRP channels
• channels also sense natural products
• critical for pain sensing

Question 25

TRP channels are critical for pain sensing. TRPV1 agonists mediate what?

Answer 25

TRPV1 mediates inflammatory thermal hyperalgesia

Question 26

Endocannabinoids act as a retrograde messenger to regulate ______ release

Answer 26

Neurotransmitter

Question 27

TRPV1 is an _____sensor

Answer 27

Inflammation