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PMVPH > Preslaughter welfare, transport and ante mortem inspection > Flashcards

Preslaughter welfare, transport and ante mortem inspection Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of a)lambs b) pigs c) Broilers die during transport?

A

a) 0.02% b) 0.07% c) 0.25%

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2
Q

What are the most common causes of DOA in pigs?

A

Hyperthermia, metabolic acidosis

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3
Q

What are the most common causes of DOA in sheep?

A

Smothering

Ill health

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4
Q

What are the most common causes of DOA in broilers?

A

Congestive heart failure, trauma

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5
Q

What does this chicken carcass show signs of?

A

Congestive heart failure - water belly

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6
Q

What is a common cause of death in trauma birds?

A

Haemorrhage of ruptured air sac

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7
Q

What are the four main fatal traumatic injuries in broilers?

A

Fractured/dislocated hip

Ruptured liver

Head trauma

Intraperitoneal haemorrhage other than liver

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8
Q

What percentage of cattle have bruising in

a) cattle
b) sheep
c) pigs?

A

a) 1.7%
b) 0.14%
c) 1.5%

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9
Q

Why is bruising a big problem?

A

Welfare and economic problem. Carcass downgrading, more trimming, has to go for processed meat

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10
Q

Why is important to gauge the stocking density in the trailer right?

A

Too many - get hyperthermia/bite/crushing

Too few - fall over

Bruising can also be caused by excessive use of driving devices e.g. electric probes, sticks

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11
Q

Where do most bruise lesions appear on cattle?

Why?

A

Shoulder region - crush injuries in transport

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12
Q

Why do you get red wing tips in chickens?

A

May be due to catching injury but more likely after stunning/death flapping,

More an economical problem than welfare problem

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13
Q

What percentage of a) broilers b) hens have broken bones

A

3% in broilers

29% in hens

much higher in hens as osteoporosis & calcium deficiency –> fragile bones

Light intensity - sudden increase means birds will go beserk and injure themselves

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14
Q

Which species are at risk of iinjury due to contact with barbed wire, nails etc?

A

Pigs, Cattle, Sheep

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15
Q

Which species are at risk of iinjury due to dog bites?

A

Sheep

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16
Q

Which species are at risk of iinjury due to horn raking?

A

Cattle, horn sheep

17
Q

Which species are at risk of iinjury due to teeth marks?

A

Pigs

18
Q

Which species are at risk of iinjury due to claw damage?

A

poultry

19
Q

Which species are at risk of iinjury due to cages?

A

Fish - salmon

causes scale and skin damage

20
Q

Which species are at risk of iinjury due to feather pecking?

A

Chickens and turkeys

21
Q

Why is the rate of decline of pH in meat important? What conditions affect this?

A

Normally pH in meat decreases as glycogen is converted to lactic acid. Rate of decline is important for colour and tenderness

Dark Firm Dry (DFD) pork or Dark Cutting Beef = animal very stressed before slaughter, used up glycogen stores –> high pH and slow decline

Pale soft exudative pork (PSE) - stressed at time of slaughter, pH goes down and doesn’t get chance to come back up again

22
Q

WHat pH is PSE meat at 45 minutes?

A

<6

23
Q

What situations cause high pH dark meat in sheep?

A

over-exertion

Injury

24
Q

What situations cause high pH dark meat in cattle?

A

long distance transport

fighting

25
Q

What situations cause high pH dark meat in turkeys?

A

cold exposure

26
Q

What situations cause high pH dark meat in pigs?

A

long distance transport

long periods without feed

long periods in lairage

fighting

over stocking

27
Q

What situations cause high pH dark meat in rabbits?

A

Dehydration

28
Q

What are the three ways to avoid high pH meat?

A

Reduce pre slaughter activity and stress

Allow recovery of muscle glycogen after stress

Enhance muscle glycogen storage

29
Q

What are the implications of dehydration?

A

Welfare - Thirst, head ache

Difficult to remove skin

Sticky meat

Dark, tough meat

Smaller loin cut

BIG WELFARE PROB

30
Q

What methods are there for avoiding heat stress in transport?

A

Passive ventilation, active ventilation

31
Q

Cana you transport an animal on three legs?

A

No. Has to be weight baring on all 4 legs & be able to stand for duration of journey to transport

32
Q

What should be done with casualty animals when they arrive?

A

Determine whether needs emergency slaughter (official vet)

If yes - take slaughter equipment to animal, don’t move it.

Ensure prompt stunning, bleeding and ivisceration as soon as arrives at abbattoir

Trace back the history to try and prevent repitition

33
Q

Why is it illegal to do brain maceration following bolt gun stunning in the uk?

A

BSE risk

PMVPH (7 decks)

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