4.5 Safe sex

Question 1

Contraception

Answer 1

A woman determines (usually together with a man) whether she wants a baby or not.

Question 2

Contraceptives

Answer 2

Methods to prevent pregnancy.
○ Best known are condoms and ‘the pill’.
§ Pill is the most reliable.

Question 3

Fertile period

Answer 3

Period of five days every four weeks when sexual intercourse is likely to result in an egg cell being fertilized.
○ Last from three days before ovulation to one day after ovulation.

	○ Sperm cells live for 2 to 3 days.
	○ After ovulation, an egg cell lives for 12 to 24 hours.

Question 4

Unreliable methods

Answer 4

· Rhythm method
When the man and woman do not have sexual intercourse during the fertile period.
○ Is unreliable method because women’ s ovulations can occur earlier or later than average.
· Coitus interruptus (withdrawal method)
} The man takes his penis out of the vagina just before ejaculation.
○ Is unreliable because in pre-ejaculation there can be sperm cells.

Question 5

Reliable methods

Answer 5

Condom
A latex sheath that is placed over the erect penis.
○ Disadvantage: Lovemaking has to be interrupted to put the condom on.
○ Benefit: Protects against the transmission of bacteria and viruses (STIs)

Question 6

Pill (contractive pill)

Answer 6

A pill that the woman takes every day at the same time, but with a break every fourth week.
○ Contains hormones that stop the pregnancy.
○ Consequences hormones:
§ No egg cells are released (no ovulation).
§ Make the mucus in the cervix thicker, so sperm cells cannot get through easily.
§ Affect the womb wall -> fertilized eggs can’t find a place to attach itself to and grow.
○ Menstruations is light during the week with no pills.
If you forget to take the pill -> not fully protected against pregnancy until the next menstruation.

Question 7

Morning-after pill

Answer 7

A pill that contains large amounts of hormones.
○ Must be taken within 72 hours after sexual intercourse, best after 12 hours.

Question 8

Abortion

Answer 8

When a woman choose to terminate the pregnancy.
○ If the menstruation is less than 16 days late, it can take place immediately.
○ If it is more then there is a mandatory legal reflection period of 5 days, it start when the woman discusses it with the doctor.
○ Is allowed up to the 24th week of pregnancy (practice 22 weeks).
○ Up to the 7th week of pregnancy: Abortion pill
○ Eight week onwards: Womb is emptied by suction through tube.
○ After 13 week: more major.
○ Is free and safe.

Question 9

Sexually transmitted infection (STIs)/ venereal diseases (VD)

Answer 9

Diseases that you can only get through intimate physical contact with an infected person.

Question 10

Chlamydia

Answer 10

The most widespread STI in the Netherlands.
○ The pathogen is a bacterium.
○ Mainly found in people between 15 and 30.
○ Doesn’ t cause any symtoms in 66,6% of all woman and 50% of men.
○ Symtoms
§ Inflammation in the anus, cervix or urethra.
§ Men: (watery) discharge from the penis, pain when urinating, pain in scrotum.
§ Women: pain when urinating, pain during sexual intercourse.
§ Pain in the lower abdomen.
○ Not treated in time: Inflammation can spread to the Fallopian tubes or epidimymis -> can become infertile.

Question 11

Aids

Answer 11

The best known STI.
○ Cause by the virus HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)
○ Get through: unsafe sex, infected person’s blood, semen, vaginal fluid, pre-ejaculation fluid.
○ Immune system is affected.
○ Susceptible to all kinds of diseases such: intestinal inflammation, pneumonia, skin cancer or multiple at the same time.

Question 12

Seropositive

Answer 12

Someone that is infected with HIV.
○ Take HIV inhibitors soon as possible
§ Slow down the reproduction of the virus in the body.