TISSUE/SPECIMEN EVALUATION AND PROCESSING

Question 1

What are the specimen evaluation processing?

Answer 1

parafin section

frozen section

Question 2

What are the steps to parfait section?

Answer 2

i. Fixation of tissue: formaldehyde
ii. 2mm tissue sections in cassettes
iii. Dehydration process: graded alcohol, xylol, etc.
iv. Impregnation in molten paraffin wax
v. 3 to 5m sections with microtome
vi. Placed on slide and stained, usually h&e

Question 3

how is frozen section preparation?

Answer 3

FROZEN SECTION (10 minutes): this procedure is usually performed on a fresh tissue (i.e. NOT placed in formalin following surgical removal) for intraoperative consultation and presumptive diagnosis

Question 4

What are methods used in pathologic evaluation of a specimen?

Answer 4

Hematoxylin & eosin (H & E)
Special stains: 
Immunofluorescence
Immunohistochemistry
Papanicolaou (Pap) stain
Electron microscopy

Question 5

What is the usual technique for tissue diagnosis?

Answer 5

H&E

Question 6

What are special stains used for?

Answer 6

identification of certain cellular contents (e.g., iron, mucin) as well as extra cellular tissue components (e.g. fibrous connective tissue, amyloid

Question 7

What is immunohistochemistry used for?

Answer 7

IHC is similar to direct immunofluorescence in identifying cellular antigens, except it can be performed on permanent tissue sections.