Exam 1-Embryology of the Vertebral Column Flashcards

1
Q

When does the embryonic disc form?

A

second week in utero

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2
Q

When does gastrulation occur or 3-layered embryo form?

A

third week in utero

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3
Q

Invagination of ectoderm along the primitive streak gives rise to what embryonic structure?

A

notochord

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4
Q

What is the name given to the mesoderm that will give rise to the vertebral column?

A

paraxial mesoderm

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5
Q

What embryonic structure gives rise to the somites?

A

paraxial mesoderm

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6
Q

Name the areas of cellular differentiation formed within the somites

A

sclerotome, myotome,and dermatome

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7
Q

What are the names of the successive vertebral columns formed during development?

A

membranous, cartilaginous, skeletal or osseous

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8
Q

Migration of a somite pair to surround the notochord forms what developmental feature?

A

the perichordal blastema

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9
Q

The perichordal blastema gives rise to what processes?

A

neural and costal processes

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10
Q

What is the name of the artery located between adjacent perichordal blastema?

A

intersegmental artery

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11
Q

What forms between the sclerotomites of a perichordal blastema?

A

the intrasclerotomal fissure (fissure of von Ebner)

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12
Q

The intrascleratomal fissure (fissure of von Ebner) gives rise to what developmental feature?

A

the perichordal disc

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13
Q

The union of a dense caudal sclerotomite and a loose cranial sclerotomite from adjacent perichordal blastema gives rise to what feature?

A

the vertebral blastema

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14
Q

What vessel will be identified adjacent to the vertebral blastema?

A

the segmental artery

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15
Q

When will cartilage first form in the membranous vertebral blastema?

A

beginning in the 6th embryonic week

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16
Q

What is the name given to the replacement of mesoderm by cartilage?

A

chondrification

17
Q

What are the names given to the center of chondrification within the vertebral blastema?

A

centrum center, neural arch center, transverse process center

18
Q

How many centers of chondrification typically appear in the vertebral blastema?

A

six…2 for the centrum, 2 for the neural arch, and2 for each transverse process

19
Q

What is the earliest time that centers of ossification appear in the cartilaginous vertebra?

A

during the 7th embryonic week

20
Q

What is name given to centers of ossification based on time of appearance?

A

primary centers appear in utero, secondary centers appear after birth

21
Q

What is the ratio of primary to secondary centers of ossification for a typical vertebrae?

A

3 primary centers: 5 secondary centers

22
Q

What are the names of the primary centers of ossification for a typical vertebrae?

A

centrum centers and neural arch centers

23
Q

What are the names/locations of the five secondary centers of ossification for a typical vertebra?

A

tip of the transverse process, tip of the spinous process, epiphyseal plate centers

24
Q

What is the range of appearance for secondary centers of ossification of a typical vertebra?

A

during puberty, typically ages 11-16 years old