CHF

Question 1

inability of the heart to pump sufficient blood to meet the metabolic needs of the body

Answer 1

heart failure

Question 2

defective myocardial contraction

Answer 2

myocardial failur

Question 3

a condition in which an abnormality of some circulatory component (heart, vessels, blood volume, etc) is responsible for inadequate cardiac output

Answer 3

circulatory failure

Question 4

heart failure prevalence increases with?

Answer 4

age (5th-6th decades)

Question 5

neurohumoral model: increased HR & contractility

Answer 5

beta 1 stimualtion

Question 6

neurohumoral model: mild incr. inotropism, peripheral vasoconstriction

Answer 6

alpha 1 stimulation

Question 7

is angiotensin 1 or 2 toxic to organs?

Answer 7

angiotensin 2

Question 8

what happens to LVEDV with LV remodelling?

Answer 8

rises as myocardial wall tension increases

Question 9

true “congestive heart failure” owing to central venous congestion

Answer 9

left sided heart failure

Question 10

which type of heart failure results in systemic congestion?

Answer 10

RV failure

Question 11

which type of heart failure results in central venous congestion?

Answer 11

left heart failure

Question 12

is systolic or diastolic failure more common?

Answer 12

systolic heart failure

Question 13

attacks of severe shortness of breath and coughing that generally occur at night

Answer 13

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

Question 14

shortness of breath (dyspnea) which occurs when lying flat

Answer 14

orthopnea

Question 15

60 seconds of pressure on dome of liver; jugular venous pulses rise in the neck

Answer 15

hepatojugular reflux

Question 16

most ppl who have heart failure die of what (2)?

Answer 16

1. pump failure 2. tachyarrhythmias

Question 17

which stage? high risk for HF; no structural heart disease or symptoms (yet)

Answer 17

stage a

Question 18

which stage? structural ds (e.g. LVH) but no sx

Answer 18

stage b

Question 19

which stage? structural ds. (e.g. MI) with sx (e.g. SOB), largest HF group

Answer 19

stage c

Question 20

which stage? refractory HF

Answer 20

stage d

Question 21

what stage do most ppl with HF fall into?

Answer 21

stage c

Question 22

how to tx stage A pts?

Answer 22

risk factor reduction, ACEi or ARBs in some

Question 23

how to tx stage B pts?

Answer 23

ACEi or ARBs in all, BB in some

Question 24

how to tx stage C pts?

Answer 24

ACEi + BB in all

Question 25

how to tx stage C pts?

Answer 25

inotropes, VAD, transplantation

Question 26

what sort of water intake should patients with CHF have?

Answer 26

should just drink when thirsty - do not drink 8-12 glasses of water/day

Question 27

what are the agents of choice for HF?

Answer 27

ACEi

Question 28

which beta blocker is approved for HF?

Answer 28

carvedilol