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Nutrient Metabolism > Calcium > Flashcards

Calcium Flashcards

1
Q

How is calcium most efficiently absorbed

A

Vitamin D/saturable (limited amount of Calbindin)

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2
Q

How is calcium absorbed without VitD

A

paracellular diffusion/nonsaturable; ability increases as saturation of Calbindin occurs

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3
Q

What nutrients Enhance Calcium absorption

A

VitD, sugar (lactose), Protein

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4
Q

Under what conditions does protein enhance Calcium absoprtion

A

High protein, low Calcium intake; regulated more by Ca intake

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5
Q

What nutrients Enhance urinary Excretion of Calcium

A

Sodium, Protein, Caffeine

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6
Q

What nutrients Inhibit Calcium absorption; How?

A

Fiber, Phytate, Oxalate(leafy greens), Unabsorbed FA, Zinc, Mg; Binding in Lumen

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7
Q

What nutrients does Calcium inhibit absorption of

A

Iron, Fatty Acids

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8
Q

What are sources of Calcium

A

Dairy, Broccoli, Leafy greens, Almonds

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9
Q

What is the RDA for Calcium 19-50years

A

1,000mg

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10
Q

What is the RDA for Calcium 51-71years for Men

A

1,000mg

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11
Q

What is the RDA for Calcium 51-71years for Women

A

1,200mg

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12
Q

What is the RDA for Calcium 71+years

A

1,200mg

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13
Q

What is the Natl Osteoporosis Found Calcium recommendation

A

Agree with RDA, >1200-155mg unlikely to benefit, may be harmful

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14
Q

What is the UL for Calcium

A

2,500mg

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15
Q

What can result from prolonged UL intake of Calcium

A

Calcium deposits in joints, kidneys

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16
Q

What are the supplement forms of calcium

A

Calcium carbonate (27%) and Calcium citrate-malate (35%)

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17
Q

What is the Calcium bioavailability of dairy products

A

29% (290mg/serv)

18
Q

What is the Calcium bioavailability of spinach

A

5% (122mg/serv)

19
Q

What is the Calcium bioavailability of bok choy

A

50% (79mg/serv)

20
Q

What is the Calcium bioavailability of broccoli

A

57% (31mg/serv)

21
Q

What is the Calcium bioavailability of almonds

A

20% (75mg/serv)

22
Q

How is Calcium status measured

A

Mainly based on intake; Bone densitometry DEXA

23
Q

Is serum Calcium a measurement of Calcium status

A

Not measured well in blood because highly regulated by hormones

24
Q

What senses a drop in blood Calcium

A

Parathyroid gland

25
Q

What is secreted when blood Calcium drops

A

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

26
Q

What are the functions of PTH in Calcium homeostasis

A

Stimulates activation of VitD in the kidney (resorption of Calcium); Draws Calcium out of bone for use in blood

27
Q

What senses an increase in blood Calcium

A

Thyroid gland

28
Q

What is secreted when blood Calcium rises

A

Calcitonin

29
Q

What hormone opposes PTH

A

Calcitonin

30
Q

What does Calcitriol (VitD) bind to when entering enterocyte for Calcium absorption (Step 1)

A

VitD Receptor (VDR)

31
Q

What is the next step for VitD after binding to VDR for Calcium absorption (Step 2)

A

VDR-Calcitriol complex binds to DNA in nucleus of the enterocyte

32
Q

What is the next step for VitD after binding to DNA for Calcium absorption (Step 3)

A

Transcription of VDR-Calcitriol to form Calbindin-mRNA

33
Q

What is the next step for VitD after transcription of Calbindin-mRNA in nucleus for Calcium absorption (Step 4)

A

Calbindin-mRNA Translation of Calbindin protein in cytosol

34
Q

What is the next step for VitD after translation of Calbindin protein for Calcium absorption(Step 5)

A

Calbindin protein acts as a carrier for Calcium at the brush border of the enterocyte

35
Q

How much Calcium can the lumen handle at a time

A

500mg

36
Q

Why do Multivitamins usually contain small amounts of Calcium

A

Competes with Iron, Zinc and Magnesium and will make pill too large

37
Q

How does Sodium effect Calcium absorption

A

Calcium is pulled along with Sodium during Sodium excretion

38
Q

How much Calcium is lost (in urine/feces/skin) each day

A

250-300mg

39
Q

How much Calcium needs to be replaced what is being lost (in urine/feces/skin)

A

250-300mg

40
Q

Why is the RDA for Calcium so much higher than the amount needed to replace what is lost each day

A

Because of the poor bioavailabilty of Calcium; Based on bioavailability of Dairy products (29%)

Nutrient Metabolism (7 decks)

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