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Nutrient Metabolism > Iron > Flashcards

Iron Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 forms of Iron

A

Functional, Transport and Storage

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2
Q

What are Functional Iron forms

A

Hemoglobin, Myoglobin, Heme enzymes, Nonheme enzymes

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3
Q

What is the Transport Iron form

A

Transferrin

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4
Q

What are the Storage Iron forms

A

Ferritin and Hemosiderin

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5
Q

How much Storage Iron is common in Men

A

12mg/kg

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6
Q

How much Storage Iron is common in Women

A

4mg/kg

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7
Q

Why do women have so little Storage Iron

A

Menstruation

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8
Q

What is Functional Iron

A

Iron in molecules, doing something

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9
Q

What is Transport Iron

A

Iron in transit, available for use

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10
Q

What is Storage Iron

A

Iron bound to Protein (Ferritin), stored in liver and blood proportional

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11
Q

How much Hemoglobin is common in Men

A

31mg/kg

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12
Q

How much Hemoglobin is common in Women

A

28mg/kg

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13
Q

What are Iron containing enzymes

A

Monooxygenases and dioxygenases

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14
Q

Why is most Iron in body bound to protein

A

Highly reactive metal, bound to keep from oxidizing

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15
Q

What enzyme requires Copper as a cofactor

A

Hephaestin

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16
Q

What forms of Iron do we eat

A

Heme and nonheme

17
Q

What is the first step in heme-iron digestion (Hemoglobin/Myoglobin)

A

Proteases (from pancreas) free heme from globin in lumen

18
Q

What is the next step in heme-iron absorption after globin is cleaved off

A

Heme has own receptor on brush border

19
Q

What is the next step in heme-iron absorption after heme receptor

A

Heme oxygenase frees Iron from heme as Iron2+: Ferrous iron

20
Q

What is the next step in heme-iron absorption once in Fe2+ form

A

Ferroportin: Transport protein on basement membrane transports out into blood and oxidizes into Ferric form (Fe3+)- enzyme Hephaestin hen binds to Transferrin

21
Q

What is the first step in nonheme-iron (Fe3+) absorption

A

Reductase at brush border reduces to Fe2+ form

22
Q

What transports reduced nonheme-iron (Fe2+) at brush border

A

DMT1

23
Q

What binds to iron, inhibiting absorption

A

Polyphenols and Phytic acid: tea, wine, chocolate and coffee

24
Q

What is the RDA for Iron in Men

A

8mg

25
Q

What is the RDA for Iron in Women

A

18mg

26
Q

What is the UL for Iron

A

45mg

27
Q

What are food sources of Iron

A

Beef liver, beef, dark meat poultry, oysters, leafy greens, fortified cereals, dark chocolate, tofu, walnuts

28
Q

What is the absorption % for nonheme iron

A

8-10%

29
Q

What is the absoprtion % for heme iron

A

15-18%

30
Q

What nutrients Enhance absorption of Iron

A

Sugars (fructose, sorbitol), Acids (citric, lactic, ascorbic), meat (heme iron)

31
Q

What nutrients Inhibit absorption of Iron

A

Calcium, Zinc, Magnesium: Competition in Multivitamins; Polyphenols, Phytates, Oxalic Acid

32
Q

How much Iron is lost everyday

A

1-2mg

33
Q

How much Iron must be absorbed everyday

A

1-2mg; replace what is lost

34
Q

What are the stages of Iron deficiency

A

Normal - Early Negative Iron Balance - Iron Depletion - IronDeficient Erythropoiesis - IronDeficiency Anemia

35
Q

At what stage of Iron deficiency would it be ideal to catch symptoms

A

Iron depletion

36
Q

How is Iron status measured

A

Serum Ferritin

37
Q

What is the first Iron function to deplete

A

Storage

38
Q

What is Hematocrit (Hct)

A

% packed cell volume

39
Q

What are symptoms for RBCs during Iron deficient anemia

A

Microcytic, Hypochromic

Nutrient Metabolism (7 decks)

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