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Pharm 1 > Dermatologic, Ophthalmic, and Otic > Flashcards

Dermatologic, Ophthalmic, and Otic Flashcards

1
Q

antiglaucoma drug categories

A 
Cholinergic Drugs (Mitotics)
Sympathomimetics (Mydriatics)
Beta-Adrenergic Blockers 
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Prostaglandin Agonists
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2
Q 
Cholinergic Drugs (Mitotics)
Key drugs:
A
  • Pilocarpine

- Echothiophate

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3
Q

Sympathomimetics (Mydriatics)

Key drug:

A

Dipivefrin

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4
Q

Beta-Adrenergic Blockers

Key drugs:

A
  • Betaxolol

- Timolol

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5
Q

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

Key drug:

A

Dorzolamide

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6
Q

Prostaglandin Agonists

Key drug:

A

Latanoprost

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7
Q

Cholinergic Drugs:

MOA

A

Similar to acetylcholine effects in the body

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8
Q

Cholinergic Drugs: Indications

A

Open-angle glaucoma, angle-closure glaucoma, convergent strabismus

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9
Q

Cholinergic Drugs: Contraindications:

A

Drug allergy

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10
Q

Cholinergic Drugs: Adverse Effects

A

Local and limited to the eye

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11
Q

Cholinergic Drugs: Interactions

A

Unlikely due to local action of these drugs

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12
Q

Cholinergic Drugs:

Nursing Considerations

A

-

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13
Q

Pilocarpine

A

Direct-acting miotic

Treatment of glaucoma

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14
Q

Echothiophate

A

Indirect-acting miotic
Management of glaucoma
Long acting

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15
Q

Sympathomimetics:

MOA

A

Mimic norepinephrine and epinephrine

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16
Q

Sympathomimetics:

Indications

A

Reduce intraocular pressure in chronic open-angle glaucoma

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17
Q

Sympathomimetics:

Contraindications

A

Drug allergy

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18
Q

Sympathomimetics:

Adverse Effects

A

Burning, eye pain, and lacrimation

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19
Q

Sympathomimetics:

Interactions

A

Anesthetics, cardiac glycosides, thyroid hormones, or TCA’s potentially cause dysrhythmias

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20
Q

Sympathomimetics:

Nursing Considerations

A

-

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21
Q

Beta-Adrenergic Blockers:

MOA

A

Reduce both elevated and normal intraocular pressure

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22
Q

Beta-Adrenergic Blockers: Indications

A

Chronic open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension

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23
Q

Beta-Adrenergic Blockers:

Contraindications

A

Drug allergy

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24
Q

Beta-Adrenergic Blockers: Adverse Effects

A

Most common are transient burning and discomfort

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25
Q

Beta-Adrenergic Blockers:

Interactions

A

Unlikely d/t to localized nature of the drugs

26
Q

Beta-Adrenergic Blockers:

Nursing Considerations

A

-

27
Q

Betaxolol

A

Very potent and selective beta blocking drug

Treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension

28
Q

Timolol

A

Acts at both beta1 and beta2 receptors

Indicated for open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension

29
Q

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors:

MOA

A

Inhibits carbonic anhydrase to decrease intraocular pressure

30
Q

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors:

Indications

A

Management of glaucoma

31
Q

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors:

Contraindications

A

Drug allergy, caution use with sulfonamide antibiotics

32
Q

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors:

Adverse Effects

A

Similar to those of sulfonamide antibiotics

33
Q

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors:

Interactions

A

Unlikely with local administration

34
Q

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors:

Nursing Considerations

A

-

35
Q

Dorzolamide

A

Treatment of elevated intraocular pressure associated with ocular hypertension or open-angle glaucoma
Only available as an ophthalmic solution

36
Q

Prostaglandin Agonists:

MOA

A

Reduce intraocular pressure

37
Q

Prostaglandin Agonists:

Indications

A

Treatment of glaucoma

38
Q

Prostaglandin Agonists:

Contraindications

A

Drug allergy

39
Q

Prostaglandin Agonists:

Adverse Effects

A

Foreign body sensation, dotted appearance of cornea, stinging, bloodshot eyes, blurred vision, itching, and burning

40
Q

Prostaglandin Agonists:

Interactions

A

Concurrent administration with other eye drops may cause precipitation

41
Q

Prostaglandin Agonists: Nursing Considerations

A

-

42
Q

Latanoprost

A

Only available in eyedrop form
About 3-10% of patients have increased iris pigmentation after 3-4.5 months of treatment
Eyes may turn dark brown

43
Q

Antimicrobial Drugs: Categories

A 
Aminoglycosides
Macrolide antibiotics
Polypeptide antibiotics
Quinolone antibiotics
Sulfonamides
44
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

Gentamicin

45
Q

Macrolide antibiotics

A

Erythromycin

46
Q

Polypeptide antibiotics

A

Bacitracin

47
Q

Quinolone antibiotics

A

Ciprofloxacin

48
Q

Sulfonamides

A

Sulfacetamide

49
Q

Antimicrobial Drugs:

MOA

A

Work to destroy invading organism

50
Q

Antimicrobial Drugs:

Indications

A

Known or suspected infection

51
Q

Antimicrobial Drugs:

Contraindications

A

Drug allergy or severe previous drug reaction

52
Q

Antimicrobial Drugs:

Adverse Effects

A

Local & transient burning, inflammation, stinging, urticaria, dermatitis

53
Q

Antimicrobial Drugs:

Interactions

A

Possible interaction with corticosteroids

54
Q

Antimicrobial Drugs:

Nursing Considerations

A

-

55
Q

Gentamicin

A

Wide variety of gram positive and gram negative infections

56
Q

Erythromycin

A

Various ophthalmic infections

57
Q

Bacitracin

A

Various eye infections

58
Q

Ciprofloxacin

A

Bacterial keratitis and conjunctivitis

59
Q

Sulfacetamide

A

Most commonly used ophthalmic antimicrobial drug

60
Q

Diagnostic Drugs: Atropine Sulfate

A

MOA:
Dilates the pupil and paralyzes the ciliary muscle
Indications:
Assist in eye examination or treat inflammatory states

61
Q

Lubricants & Moisturizers: Artificial Tears

A

MOA:
Isotonic and contain buffers to adjust eye pH
Indications:
Provide lubrication or moisture for the eye

Pharm 1 (11 decks)

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