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Pharm 1 > Exam 1: Ch. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8 > Flashcards

Exam 1: Ch. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8 Flashcards

1
Q

compliance

A

implementation or fulfillment of a prescriber’s or caregiver’s prescribed course of treatment or therapeutic plan by a patient

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2
Q

medication error

A

any preventable adverse drug event involving inappropriate medication use by a patient or health care professional; it may or may not cause the patient harm

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3
Q

noncompliance

A

an informed decision on the part of the patient not to adhere to or follow a therapeutic plan or suggestion

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4
Q

nursing process

5 phases

A

an organizational framework for the practice of nursing
all steps taken by the nurse in caring for the patient: ADPIE
A-assessment, nursing
D-diagnoses,
P-planning (w/ goals and outcome criteria),
I-implementation of the plan (w/ pt teaching),
E-evaluation

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5
Q

outcomes

A

descriptions of specific patient behaviors or responses that demonstrate meeting of or achievement of goals r/t nursing diagnosis
-varifiable, framed in behavioral terms, measurable, and time specific

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6
Q

prescriber

A

any health care professional licensed by the appropriate regulatory board to prescribe medications

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7
Q

“nine rights” of medication administration

A 
right drug (check 3x) 
right dose
right time 
right route 
right patient
right documentation 
right reason
right response
right to refuse
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8
Q

goals

A

time specific; what is to be accomplished

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9
Q

ADPIE

Assessment

A 
A- objective (age, ht, wt)
     subjective (pt complains of...) data
-interview
-observation
-medical records 
-physical assessment
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10
Q

ADPIE

Diagnosis

A

D- 3 step process

  • human response to illness
  • factors r/t response
  • evidence to support RN diagnosis
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11
Q

ADPIE

Planning

A

P- realistic, time frames, broad/ specific

  • prioritize diagnosis (most critical needs to least)
  • make goals
  • predict outcomes
  • develop timeframe
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12
Q

ADPIE

Implementation

A

I- RN addresses specific pt problems and needs

  • specific instructions
  • administer drugs “9 rights”
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13
Q

ADPIE

Evaluation

A

E- monitor if plan is taking place/ being met

  • outcome of goals
  • response to drugs (therapeutic, adverse, toxic effects)
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14
Q

Appropriate authoritative sources

A
  • references w/in the past 3 years:
  • Physicians desk reference
  • drug manufacture insert
  • nursing drug handbook
  • U.S. Pharmacopoeia
  • FDA
  • Pharmacists
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15
Q

Who can write prescriptions?

A
  • physicians
  • dentists
  • nurse practitioners
  • physician assistants
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16
Q

prescriptions must contain

A
  • patient’s name
  • date order was written
  • name of the medication
  • route of delivery
  • dosage (size, freq, #of doses)
  • signature of prescriber
17
Q

What is the responsibility of the professional nurse when applying the nursing process to the care of their patients?

A

safe, therapeutic, and effective medication administration

18
Q

additive effects

A

drug interaction; the effect of a combination of 2 or more drugs with similar actions

19
Q

pharmaceutics

A

science of preparing and dispensing drugs

rate of drug absorption (enteral, parenteral, topical)

20
Q

absorption of oral preparations - rate fastest to slowest:

A 
oral disintegration, buccal, soluble wafer
liquids, elixirs, syrups
suspension solutions
powders
capsules
tablets
coated tablets 
enteric coated tablets
21
Q

pharmacokinetics

A 
what the body does to the drug:
 ADME
absorption
distribution
metabolism
excretion
22
Q

ADME

absorption

A

getting drug intoblood
1st pass effect: liver before blood; Oral and Enteral
non-1st pass effect: Buccal, Parenteral, Topical

23
Q

ADME

distribution

A

getting drug out of blood and into tissues

  • drug needs to be non-protein bound
  • highly protein bound drug- may need to increase dose in person w/ low albumin (malnourished, burned)
  • drug- drug interaction-2 protein binding drugs given at same time will increase unbound or free drug concentration
  • difficult areas to reach= low vasculature or barrier (bone and brain)
24
Q

ADME

metabolism

A

getting drug into active form

  • liver metabolizes
  • pt factor affecting metabolism -current drugs= enzyme inducers; cardio, renal, malnourished, genetics, jaundice
25
Q

ADME

excretion

A

primarily kidneys

26
Q

half-life

A

time initial dose takes to eliminate to 1/2; measurement of rate of excretion/ elimination

27
Q

onset

A

time to elicit therapeutic response

28
Q

duration

A

time drug concentration is high enough to be therapeutic

29
Q

pharmacodynamics

A

MOA: what drug does to body

-modify rate or function of cell/ tissue

30
Q

pharmacotherapeutics

aka therapeutics

A

monitoring for AE, therapeutics index, drug concentration, interactions, adverse drug events, (med errors; allergic reactions)

31
Q

reasons why drugs are given

A

acute, maintenance, supplemental, palliative, supportive, prophylactic or emporic

32
Q

enteral route

A

tablets, capsules, wafers, pills, syrup, emulsions, solutions, lozenges, rectal suppository, sublingual, buccal tablets

33
Q

parenteral route

A

area in body:
intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intradermal intraarterial (artery), intrathecal (spine), intraarticular (joint)
drug form:
injectable, suspensions, emulsions, powders for reconstitution, solutions

34
Q

topical route

A

area on body:
skin, eyes, ears, nose, lungs, rectum, vagina
drug form:
aerosols (inhaled), ointments, creams, paste, powder, solutions, foam, gels, patches (transdermal), rectal and vaginal suppositories

35
Q

first- pass routes

A

oral, rectal (both 1st/ non) , hepatic arterial, portal venous

36
Q

non-first-pass routes

A

aural (in the ear), buccal, inhaled, intraarterial, intramuscular, intranasal, intraocular, intravaginal, intravenous, subcutaneous, sublingual, transdermal, parenteral, topical

37
Q

idiosyncratic reaction

A

an abnormal or unexpected response to a medication, other than an allergic rxn

38
Q

first pass effect

A
  • reduces the bioavailability of a drug to less than 100%

- drug must ‘first pass’ through oral, GI, stomach, liver before reaching effected site

Pharm 1 (11 decks)

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