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Path 2 Final NEW info > booobb > Flashcards

booobb Flashcards

1
Q

what is the chorion?

A

the layer that contacts the mother

-in most species fused with allantosis

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2
Q

Whats the Allantois ?

A

contains fetal urine and other fluids arising from the membrane itself

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3
Q

What is the Amnion ?

A

Smooth translucent membrane that surrounds the fetus & holds amniotic fluid

-

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4
Q

What are these thingys called ? Significant ?

A

” Amniotic plaques”

  • foci of squamous epi on the internal surface of the amnion
  • commonly seen during trimester of gestation

** INCIDENTAL FINDING *

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5
Q

What about these lesions ?

A

This is mineralization of membranes

* incidental finding **

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6
Q

Early embryonic loss/ mortalities occur during when ?

A

the early stage of gestation ( delayed return to estrus)

-a lot of the time with chromosomal abnormalities account for many of these losses

( ESP Campylobacter fetus veneralis)

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7
Q

Foetal death that occurs later in development will lead to what ?

A

abortion, stillbirth, mummufication and maceration

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8
Q

Abortion is :

A

expulsion of a foetus before the time of expected viability

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9
Q

Stillbirth is :

A

deth of foetus in the last part of gestations during period where is is independ. viable

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10
Q

Mummification is :

A

The fetus is retained indefinitely and becomes dehydrated

-typically NO ** bacterial infection to promote tissue lysis or putrefication **

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11
Q

What are common causes of mummification ??

Horse-

Cattle

Dog-

Cat-

Sow-

A

Horse- twinning

Cattle- BVD virus infect.

Dog- K9 herpesvirus

Cat- Uterine horn torsion

Sow- Parvoviral infection

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12
Q

What is Maceration ?

A

The dead fetus is retained and infected by bacteria *

-may be associated with dystocia or incomplete abortion

-

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13
Q

What species is placental insuff important in ?

and seen in cases of ??

A

= important in the mare, may lead to fetal death, mummification or abortion

-seen in cases of : twinning, endrometrial fibrosis, premature placental sep., uterine body prego & torsion of the umbilical cord

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14
Q

What is this called ?

A

” Adventitial Placentation”

-development of intercotyledonary placentations in cattle as a mechanism of compensations for inaqeuq. development of placentomes

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15
Q

What is a Hydramnios ?

A

( hydrops of the amnion)

-usually associated with malformation of the foetus ( i.e. facial anomalies)

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16
Q

What is Hydroallantois

A

-associated with uterine disease with inadequate numbers of caruncles and the development of adventitial placentation in cattle

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17
Q

What are some indicental finsiings we see ?

A
  1. Amniotic Plaques & placental mineralization
  2. Hippomanes - seen in all equine placentae and have soft calculi
  3. yolk sac remnants & allantoic pouches - seen in mares
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18
Q

What be this ??

A

Hippomane

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19
Q

what be that ?

A

yolk sac remnants

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20
Q

Criteria for submission of aborted bovine foetuses for diagnostic evaluation ?

A
  1. abortion rate > 3% ( max tolerable abortion rate)
  2. when a # of animals abort over a short period of time

** consider regional differences in the most common causes **

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21
Q

Embryonic loss if cattle caused by :

A
  1. Campylobacter foetus ssp. veneralis
  2. Tritrichomonas foetus
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22
Q

Campylobacter foetus ssp. veneralis :

A
  • dealth 3-4wks
  • gross placental lesions= intercotyleonary placentitis & necrosis of coyledons
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23
Q

Tritrichomonas foetus

A

protozoa in preputial washing, vaginal mucus & stomach of fetus

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24
Q

Brucella abortus abortions

A

most common at 7-9mo

-gross lesions in placenta are characteristic but NOT pathognomonic **

** ZOONOTIC **

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25
Q

What causes these kind of lesions

A

Brucella abortus

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26
Q

Salmonellosis

A

S. dublin & S. typhimurium

ZOONOTIC ***

27
Q

Listeriosis

A

L. monocytogenes

-tiny pinpoint yellow foci of necoris in the liver, lung, myocardium, kidney, adrenal, spleen and brain

28
Q

Leptosprial abortion

A

usually via late trimester of prego

  • DI based on raising Ab titers, IFA on tissues is diagnostic
  • NO placental or foetal characteristic lesions **

* it invades and kills the foetus which rapidly becomes autolysed*

29
Q

Ureaplasma diversum abortions

A

in last trimester

-amnion most severly affected prt

=” amnionitis”= patchy thickening wih fibrosis & multifocal areas of necrosis, hemorrhage and fibrin

30
Q

What do you think of when yous ee this ??

A

Ureaplasma Diversum

31
Q

Mycotic abortion in cattle

-may diff. fungal infections *

= dermatitis in the aborted foetus is often associated with mycotic abortions

A
32
Q

What do you think of when you see lesions like this ?

A

Mycotic abortion in cattle

33
Q

Neospora caninum abortions

A

most abortions occur at 5-6mo of gestation

  • fetuswill hava fresh, autolysed or early state of mummification
  • N. caninum also causes abortions in sheep and goats
  • BRAIN NEEDED FOR DIAGNOSIS !!!
34
Q

What are the most important viral pathogens in cattle ?

A
  1. Bovine viral diarrhea virus ( BoHV-1)
  2. Akabane virus ( AKAV)
35
Q

Campylobacter foetus ssp foetus is an important cause of abortion in ____

A

sheep

-lesions characterized by intercotyledonary placentitis

and multifocal necrotizing hepatitis

36
Q

Chlamydophila abortus

A

” Ovine Enzootic abortion “ “ enzootic abortion of ewes”

  • imortant cause if in utero nfections in sheep and goats
  • If a ewe is infected early in gesation= abort
  • if ewe infected late in gestations= abort NEXT prego
37
Q

Toxoplasma gondii

A

major role in ovine abortion ( infection is usually infected cats)

  • naive ewe develipe a protective immunity but if prego= infection of the cotyledon will = abortion
  • gross placental lesions= cotyledons are bright to dark res (“ strawberry like lesions”)
38
Q

What type of lesions are these and seen with agent ??

A

” Strawberry like lesions”

  • seen with Toxoplasma gondii
39
Q

What is a Border disease ?

A

” Hairy shaker disease”

-infection of border dz virus = embryonic or foetal death, abortion, mummification

40
Q

Prego failure in goats is similar to abortion in sheep EXCEPT :

A

the most common causes in goats:

  1. Coxiella burnetti
  2. trauma
  3. stress
    - also include Brucella melitensis, Salmonella and Iodine def.
41
Q

Coxiella Burnetii

( Q fever)

A
  • very important dz of goats & sheep

* ZOONOTIC ****

-abort late in gestations, weak lambs/kids

=gross lesions on the placenta only= acute

diffuct suppurative placentitis

** STAIN WITH : Ziehl Neelsen or Macchiavelloa stain

* CAN NOT MAKE GROSS DI OF THIS IN AN AREA WITH TOXOPLASM AND CHLAYMDIA PRESENT **

42
Q

Whats the agent we think of ?

A

Coxielle burnetii

43
Q

what about Q fever in ppl ?

A

high undulating fever

-30-50% develipe atypical pneumonia

44
Q

Whats the best way to ID cause of abortion in a horse

A

1/2 of the abortions can be determined by direct exam of the placeta and/or umbilical cord

45
Q

How long is a normall umbilical cord ??

A

36-83cm

46
Q

Longer umbilical cords are associated with what ?

A

foal strangulation and necrosis of the cervical pole of placenta

47
Q

A shorter umbilical cord results in ?

A

( shorter than 36cm)

-associated with premature separation of the placenta at the sit of attachment

48
Q

What happens with horses when they eat these little guys ?

A

Causes Mare Reproductive loss sydrome & later term abortion ( MRLS)

  • the setae ( hairs ) of the eastern tent caterpillar embed into the submucosa of aliment tract = microgranulomatous lesions.
  • bact from the aliment. tract invade circ. system = infections where imune system reduced ( fetus and placenta)
49
Q

what about equine herpes virus abortion in horses ?

A

caused by EHV-1

  • causes resp, neuro and generalized neonatal disease & abortion
  • most infections occur in last 3mo of gestation
50
Q

What are the 3 prominent changes in foetus that you can

SOMETIMES see due to EHV-1

A
  1. fibrin cast in trachea
  2. intestinal pneumonia
  3. focal necrosis in the liver
  4. prominent lymphoid follicles in the spleen
51
Q

if you saw these lesions in a horse aborted foetus, what would you think is the cause?

A

EHV-1

52
Q

What other agents can cause abortions in horses besides EHV-1?

A
  1. EHV-4
  2. Equine viral arteritis

* diagnosed based on PCR and /or inclusion boesi in lung & liver

53
Q

30-40% of porcine abortions are primarily ______

A

Infectious

54
Q

What agent causes abortions in pigs at 2-3months?

A

Brucella suis

55
Q

Whats the SMEDI problems and clinical signs in pigs

A

SMEDI- Stillbirths, mummification, emryonic deathe & infertility complex

** Caused by Porcine Parvovirus *( sometimes enterovirus)

-clinicalsigns: full term little of mummidied foetus ranging from full grown/stillborn or live

* abortion rarely occurs ****

56
Q

What are some notifiable pathogens that cause

abortions in pigs ??

A
  1. Swine Influenza
  2. African swine fever
  3. Classical swine fever
57
Q

of the infectious diseases that cause abortion in

cats and dogs, what agent is often over looked ??

A

Salmonella

58
Q

Protocols of abortion testing ??

A
  1. Access status of foetus
  2. culture ( stomach fluid)
  3. Histopathology
  4. Serology of pleural fluid
  5. Lepto FAT
  6. Tissue culture
  7. Dam Serology ( with neoplasoa & salmonella)
59
Q

What causes Fetal anomalies ??

A
  • various teratogens ( toxins, drugs and viruses (BVD))
  • may lead to death, abortion or prolonged gestatiosn or dystocia
60
Q

What agents that cause abortion do you culture ?

A
  1. Brucella spp.
  2. Coxiella Burnetti
61
Q

What agent need a special transport media ?

A

Chlamydophila abortus

62
Q

What agent do you need to culture stomach contents ?

A
  1. Listeria monocytogenes
  2. Salmonella spp.
  3. Mycoplasma & Ureaplasma
63
Q

What agent do you need a florescent ag test ?

A

Leptospira spp.

64
Q

What agents do you need the brain for ?

A
  1. Neospora caninum
  2. Toxoplasma gondii

Path 2 Final NEW info (7 decks)

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