Emphysema Flashcards
1
Q
What is emphysema?
A
Emphysema is a disease of alveoli and smallest airways. Excess lysosomal elastase causes destruction of elastin, dilation of distal air spaces. Alveoli seats have been eroded therefore during expiration compressive forces are not opposed by radial traction there is collapse of the floppy airways
2
Q
Causes?
A
Smoking
Alpha1 anti-trypsin deficiency
3
Q
Signs and Symptoms?
A
Hyperinflation due to trapping of gas Pursed lip breathing to try and keep airways open Malnourishment Intrinsic PEEP Increase in AP diameter of chest In drawing if intercostal spaces Intense breathless Near normal ABGs
4
Q
Treatment?
A
Pulmonary rehabilitation to increase exercise tolerance and reduce WOB
NIV for an acute exacerbation
Specific techniques to reduce WOB such as pacing, relaxation, deep breathing exercises, advice about sleep, positioning, pursed lip breathing.
