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cp1.01_heart anatomy_seiden > Heart Location, Valves, Murmurs > Flashcards

Heart Location, Valves, Murmurs Flashcards

1
Q

Right border of the heart:

A

Right atrium

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2
Q

Left border of the heart:

A
  • Mostly left ventricle.
  • Upper portion of left border is left atrium.
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3
Q

Anterior Surface of the heart:

A
  • Mostly right ventricle.
  • Some right atrium on right side and some left ventricle on left side.
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4
Q

Posterior Surface of the heart:

A

Left atrium.

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5
Q

Diaphragmatic surface of the heart:

A
  • Mostly left ventricle. Some right ventricle on right side.
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6
Q

Location of the upper right corner of the heart:

A
  • behind the right third costal cartilage ½ inch to the right of the sternum.
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7
Q

Location of the lower right corner of the heart:

A
  • behind the right sixth costal cartilage ½ inch to the right of the sternum.
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8
Q

Location of the upper left corner of the heart:

A
  • behind the left second costal cartilage ½ inch to the left of the sternum.
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9
Q

Location of the lower left corner of the heart:

A
  • behind the left fifth intercostal space 3½ inches to the left of the sternum (at midclavicular line).
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10
Q

Label all:

A
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11
Q

Label all:

A
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12
Q

Order of blood vessels entering/leaving the heart from right to left:

A

VAP

  1. superior vena cava
  2. ascending aorta
  3. pulmonary trunk/arteries
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13
Q

Label all:

A
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14
Q

Label all:

A
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15
Q

Label all:

A
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16
Q

Label all:

A
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17
Q

The coronary sulcus (atrioventricular sulcus) separates:

A

atria from ventricles.

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18
Q

The anterior interventricular sulcus and posterior interventricular sulcus separate:

A
  • right and left ventricles on the anterior and posteroinferior surfaces of the heart.
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19
Q

The two AV valves and what they separate:

A
  1. Tricuspid: between right atrium and right ventricle
  2. Mitral: between left atrium and left ventricle
20
Q

The two outflow valves and what they separate:

A
  1. Pulmonic: between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
  2. Aortic: between left ventricle and ascending aorta
21
Q

Ventricular Systole and open valves during:

A
  • Ventricle contraction.
  • AV valves closed to prevent backflow.
  • Outflow valves open.
22
Q

Ventricular Diastole and open valves during:

A
  • Ventricular relaxation.
  • AV valves open to allow filling.
  • Outflow valves closed.
23
Q

Pulmonic valve location, cusps, and type:

A
  • semilunar valve between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk.
  • anterior, left, and right cusps.
24
Q

Aortic valve location, cusps, and type:

A
  • semilunar valve between left ventricle and aorta.
  • posterior, left, and right cusps.
25
Q

Tricuspid valve location, cusps, and type:

A
  • three cusped atrioventricular valve between the right atrium and right ventricle.
  • anterior, posterior, and septal cusps.
26
Q

Mitral valve location, cusps, and type:

A
  • two cusped atrioventricular valve between the left atrium and left ventricle.
  • anterior and posterior cusps.
27
Q

Semilunar nodules:

A
  • Located on tip of each pulmonic and aortic valve cusp.
  • Oppose each other when valves shut.
  • Maintain closure of valve, preventing valve leakage.
28
Q

Heart tilt in the thorax:

A
  • tilted forward.
  • lower part of the heart is closer to the anterior chest wall.
29
Q

Normal valve sounds are heard best where and when?

A
  • when valves close.
  • placing stethoscope distal (downstream) to valve.
30
Q

The first heart sound (S1; “lub”) is the sound of:

A
  • closure of A-V valves at start of ventricular systole.
31
Q

The second heart sound (S2, “dub”) is the sound of:

A
  • closure of outflow valves at start of ventricular diastole.
32
Q

The tricuspid valve is heard best over:

A
  • between the right atrium and right ventricle.
  • best heard at right ventricle in left fifth intercostal space at left sternal margin.
33
Q

The mitral valve is heard best over:

A
  • between the left atrium and left ventricle.
  • best heard at left ventricle in left fifth intercostal space about 3 inches to the left of the sternum (midclavicular line).
34
Q

The aortic valve is heard best over:

A
  • between left ventricle and aorta.
  • best heard at ascending aorta in right second intercostal space at right sternal margin.
35
Q

The pulmonic valve is heard best over:

A
  • between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk.
  • best heard at pulmonary trunk in left first or second intercostal space at left sternal margin.
36
Q

Label valve being auscultated at each circle:

A
37
Q

Heart murmurs are caused by:

A

turbulent blood flow.

38
Q

Bruit:

A

turbulent blood flow in peripheral vessels.

39
Q

Turbulent blood flow is caused by:

A
  • blood passing through a narrowed opening:
    • Stenosis: valve not opening fully.
    • Incompetence: valve not closing fully.
40
Q

Stenosis definition and direction of blood flow:

A
  • valve does not open as fully as normal.
  • bloodflow in normal direction (orthograde).
  • stenosis causes turbulence/murmur.
41
Q

Incompetence definition and direction of blood flow:

A
  • valve does not close as fully as normal.
  • blood flows opposite direction through valve defect when valve should be closed.
  • valve defect narrowness causes murmur/turbulence.
42
Q

Which defect causes regurgitation, stenosis or incompetence?

A
  • incompetence
  • retrograde blood flow through valve defect
43
Q

Valvular stenosis will be heard as murmurs when:

A
  • valve is open.
    • tricuspid/mitral stenosis = diastolic murmurs.
    • pulmonic/aortic stenosis = systolic murmurs.
44
Q

Valvular incompetence will be heard as murmurs when:

A
  • valve should be closed.
    • tricuspid/mitral insufficiency = systolic murmurs.
    • pulmonic/aortic insufficiency = diastolic murmurs.
45
Q

Draw stenosis/insufficiency and valve murmur table:

A
46
Q

Murmurs will be heard best where:

A
  • downstream from the effected valve in the direction of blood flow.
    • stenosis = distal
    • insufficiency = proximal
47
Q

Label the type of murmur auscultated at each point:

A

cp1.01_heart anatomy_seiden (3 decks)

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