Heart Location, Valves, Murmurs Flashcards
(47 cards)
1
Q
Right border of the heart:
A
Right atrium
2
Q
Left border of the heart:
A
- Mostly left ventricle.
- Upper portion of left border is left atrium.
3
Q
Anterior Surface of the heart:
A
- Mostly right ventricle.
- Some right atrium on right side and some left ventricle on left side.
4
Q
Posterior Surface of the heart:
A
Left atrium.
5
Q
Diaphragmatic surface of the heart:
A
- Mostly left ventricle. Some right ventricle on right side.
6
Q
Location of the upper right corner of the heart:
A
- behind the right third costal cartilage ½ inch to the right of the sternum.
7
Q
Location of the lower right corner of the heart:
A
- behind the right sixth costal cartilage ½ inch to the right of the sternum.
8
Q
Location of the upper left corner of the heart:
A
- behind the left second costal cartilage ½ inch to the left of the sternum.
9
Q
Location of the lower left corner of the heart:
A
- behind the left fifth intercostal space 3½ inches to the left of the sternum (at midclavicular line).
10
Q
Label all:
A
11
Q
Label all:
A
12
Q
Order of blood vessels entering/leaving the heart from right to left:
A
VAP
- superior vena cava
- ascending aorta
- pulmonary trunk/arteries
13
Q
Label all:
A
14
Q
Label all:
A
15
Q
Label all:
A
16
Q
Label all:
A
17
Q
The coronary sulcus (atrioventricular sulcus) separates:
A
atria from ventricles.
18
Q
The anterior interventricular sulcus and posterior interventricular sulcus separate:
A
- right and left ventricles on the anterior and posteroinferior surfaces of the heart.
19
Q
The two AV valves and what they separate:
A
- Tricuspid: between right atrium and right ventricle
- Mitral: between left atrium and left ventricle
20
Q
The two outflow valves and what they separate:
A
- Pulmonic: between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
- Aortic: between left ventricle and ascending aorta
21
Q
Ventricular Systole and open valves during:
A
- Ventricle contraction.
- AV valves closed to prevent backflow.
- Outflow valves open.
22
Q
Ventricular Diastole and open valves during:
A
- Ventricular relaxation.
- AV valves open to allow filling.
- Outflow valves closed.
23
Q
Pulmonic valve location, cusps, and type:
A
- semilunar valve between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk.
- anterior, left, and right cusps.
24
Q
Aortic valve location, cusps, and type:
A
- semilunar valve between left ventricle and aorta.
- posterior, left, and right cusps.
25
Tricuspid valve location, cusps, and type:
* three cusped atrioventricular valve between the right atrium and right ventricle.
* anterior, posterior, and septal cusps.
26
Mitral valve location, cusps, and type:
* two cusped atrioventricular valve between the left atrium and left ventricle.
* anterior and posterior cusps.
27
Semilunar nodules:
* Located on tip of each pulmonic and aortic valve cusp.
* Oppose each other when valves shut.
* Maintain closure of valve, preventing valve leakage.
28
Heart tilt in the thorax:
* tilted forward.
* lower part of the heart is closer to the anterior chest wall.
29
Normal valve sounds are heard best where and when?
* when valves close.
* placing stethoscope distal (downstream) to valve.
30
The first heart sound (S1; "lub") is the sound of:
* closure of A-V valves at start of ventricular systole.
31
The second heart sound (S2, "dub") is the sound of:
* closure of outflow valves at start of ventricular diastole.
32
The tricuspid valve is heard best over:
* between the right atrium and right ventricle.
* best heard at right ventricle in left fifth intercostal space at left sternal margin.
33
The mitral valve is heard best over:
* between the left atrium and left ventricle.
* best heard at left ventricle in left fifth intercostal space about 3 inches to the left of the sternum (midclavicular line).
34
The aortic valve is heard best over:
* between left ventricle and aorta.
* best heard at ascending aorta in right second intercostal space at right sternal margin.
35
The pulmonic valve is heard best over:
* between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk.
* best heard at pulmonary trunk in left first or second intercostal space at left sternal margin.
36
Label valve being auscultated at each circle:
37
Heart murmurs are caused by:
turbulent blood flow.
38
Bruit:
turbulent blood flow in peripheral vessels.
39
Turbulent blood flow is caused by:
* blood passing through a narrowed opening:
* **Stenosis:** valve not opening fully.
* **Incompetence:** valve not closing fully.
40
Stenosis definition and direction of blood flow:
* valve does not open as fully as normal.
* bloodflow in normal direction (orthograde).
* stenosis causes turbulence/murmur.
41
Incompetence definition and direction of blood flow:
* valve does not close as fully as normal.
* blood flows opposite direction through valve defect when valve should be closed.
* valve defect narrowness causes murmur/turbulence.
42
Which defect causes regurgitation, stenosis or incompetence?
* incompetence
* retrograde blood flow through valve defect
43
Valvular stenosis will be heard as murmurs when:
* valve is open.
* tricuspid/mitral stenosis = diastolic murmurs.
* pulmonic/aortic stenosis = systolic murmurs.
44
Valvular incompetence will be heard as murmurs when:
* valve should be closed.
* tricuspid/mitral insufficiency = systolic murmurs.
* pulmonic/aortic insufficiency = diastolic murmurs.
45
Draw stenosis/insufficiency and valve murmur table:
46
Murmurs will be heard best where:
* downstream from the effected valve in the direction of blood flow.
* stenosis = distal
* insufficiency = proximal
47
Label the type of murmur auscultated at each point:
