Heart Anatomy and Vasculature

Question 1

Label all (right atrium):

Answer 1

Question 2

Coronary sinus location and function:

Answer 2

• in right atrium to left of IVC.
• Receives venous return from most of myocardium.

Question 3

Rough and smooth walls of the right atrium and their division:

Answer 3

• Rough: pectinate muscle
• Smooth: sinus venarum
• Division: crista terminalis

Question 4

The IVC and SVC drain into:

Answer 4

• sinus venarum (smooth wall) of right atrium

Question 5

Label all (right atrium):

Answer 5

Question 6

Fossa ovalis location and demarcation:

Answer 6

• right atrial side of atrial septum.
• marks region where embryonic septum secundum and septum primum did not overlap.

Question 7

Limbus of fossa ovalis:

Answer 7

• upper margin of fossa ovalis - site of embryonic foramen ovale.

Question 8

Crista terminalis location and demarcation:

Answer 8

• Ridge that separates the rough walled from the smooth walled portion of right atrium.
• Marks embryonic junction of sinus venosus and primitive atrium.

Question 9

Label all:

Answer 9

Question 10

Rough and smooth walled areas of the right ventricle:

Answer 10

• Smooth walled area: infundibulum
• Rough walled area: trabeculae carneae

Question 11

Chordae tendineae location and function:

Answer 11

• Fibrous strands that connect papillary muscles to free borders of AV valves.
• Together with papillary muscles, prevent prolapse of AV valves during contraction.

Question 12

Papillary muscles location and function:

Answer 12

• Internally projecting bundles of cardiac muscle.
• Bases continuous with ventricular wall muscle.
• Together with chordae tendinae, prevent prolapse of AV valves during contraction.

Question 13

When do papillary muscles contract?

Answer 13

• Ventricular systole.
• Prevent pressure of ventricular contraction from causing AV valve prolapse.

Question 14

Ruptured chordae tendinae will lead to:

Answer 14

• AV valve prolapse
• tricuspid/mitral regurgitation and murmur.

Question 15

Label all (left atrium and ventricle):

Answer 15

Question 16

Label all (left ventricle):

Answer 16

Question 17

Attachment geometry between AV valve cusps and papillary muscles:

Answer 17

• Each cusp attached to more than one papillary muscle.
• Each papillary muscle attached to more than one cusp.

Question 18

Label all (aortic valve):

Answer 18

Question 19

Do aortic valve cusps have chordae tendinae/papillary muscles?

Answer 19

• No.
• Cannot prolapse due to their structure (form sinuses).

Question 20

Location of coronary arteries origin:

Answer 20

right and left aortic sinuses.

Question 21

When do the coronary arteries fill?

Answer 21

• diastole.
• semilunar cusps cover coronary arteries during systole. High velocity leads to low pressure. This would lead to blood sucking blood out of the coronary artery during systole.

Question 22

Label all:

Answer 22

Question 23

Origin and branches of the right coronary artery:

Answer 23

• Origin: aorta in right aortic sinus
• Branches:
  
  • SA nodal artery
  • marginal artery
  • posterior interventricular artery

Question 24

Origin and branches of left coronary artery:

Answer 24

• Origin: aorta in left aortic sulcus
• Bifurcates into:
  
  • circumflex artery
  • anterior interventricular artery

Question 25

Blood vessels contained within the coronary sulcus:

Answer 25

1. right coronary artery 2. circumflex artery (left coronary branch) 3. coronary sinus 4. great cardiac vein

Question 26

Blood vessels contained within the anterior interventricular sulcus:

Answer 26

1. anterior interventricular artery (left coronary branch) 2. great cardiac vein

Question 27

Blood vessels contained within the posterior interventricular sulcus:

Answer 27

1. posterior interventricular artery (right coronary branch) 2. middle cardiac vein

Question 28

Arterial anastomoses in the heart vasculature:

Answer 28

* right coronary**:**circumflex * posterior interventricular**:**anterior interventricular

Question 29

Blood supply to right ventricle:

Answer 29

1. Right coronary artery 2. Posterior interventricular artery (RC) 3. Right marginal artery (RC) 4. Anterior interventricular artery (LC)

Question 30

Blood supply to left ventricle:

Answer 30

1. Posterior interventricular artery (RC) 2. Anterior interventricular artery (LC) 3. Circumflex artery (LC)

Question 31

Blood supply to right atrium:

Answer 31

Right coronary artery

Question 32

Blood supply to left atrium:

Answer 32

Circumflex artery (LC)

Question 33

Blood supply to interatrial septum:

Answer 33

Right coronary artery

Question 34

Blood supply to interventricular septum:

Answer 34

Anterior interventricular artery (LC)

Question 35

Blood supply to SA and AV node:

Answer 35

Right coronary artery

Question 36

What determines right or left dominance of the heart?

Answer 36

* origin of posterior interventricular artery * right coronary artery * circumflex artery (left coronary branch)

Question 37

Label all:

Answer 37

Question 38

Label all:

Answer 38

Question 39

Label all + dominance:

Answer 39

Question 40

Label all:

Answer 40

Question 41

Path of great cardiac vein:

Answer 41

1. anterior interventricular sulcus 2. coronary sulcus 3. becomes coronary sinus (posterior)

Question 42

What veins of the heart drain into the coronary sinus, and where does the coronary sinus drain into?

Answer 42

1. greater cardiac vein 2. middle cardiac vein 3. small cardiac vein * coronary sinus drains into the right atrium.

Question 43

Blood draining into the right atrium:

Answer 43

1. coronary sinus 2. IVC 3. SVC

Question 44

The middle cardiac vein runs with what artery?

Answer 44

posterior interventricular artery

Question 45

Label:

Answer 45

coronary sinus drains into right atrium

Question 46

What veins drain directly into the right atrium rather than into the coronary sinus?

Answer 46

anterior cardiac veins

Question 47

What veins drain directly into all chambers rather than into the coronary sinus?

Answer 47

* least cardiac (Thebesian) veins * reason why blood leaving the left ventricle is not 100% oxygen saturated.