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HOE > final study guide 101-2 > Flashcards

final study guide 101-2 Flashcards

1
Q

A disorder of the inner ear that can affect hearing and balance to a varying degree. It is characterized by episodes of vertigo and tinnitus(a noise sensation), and progressive hearing loss, usually in one ear

A

Meniere’s Syndrome

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2
Q

Abnormal alignment of the eyes, the condition of having a squint

A

Strabismus

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3
Q

Any substance capable of stimulating the sense of smell

A

Odorants

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4
Q

Whiat is the most abundant chemical substance

A

Water

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5
Q

What is the most abundant skeletal cartilage

A

Hyaline

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6
Q

Any of the ultramicroscopic filaments, made up of actin and myosin, that are the structural units of a myofibril

A

Myofilament

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7
Q

One of the slender threads of a muscle fiber, composed of numerous myofilaments

One of the threadlike longitudinal fibrils occurring in a skeletal or cardiac muscle fiber

A

Myofibrils

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8
Q

One of the segments into which a fibril or striated muscle is divided

The smallest functional unit of a myofibril

They occur as repeating units along the length of a myofibril, occupying the region between Z lines of the myofibril

A

Sacromere

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9
Q

Are the closely associated areas of two cells whose membranes join together forming a virtually impermeable barrier to fluid.

A

Tight Junction

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10
Q

A device composed of rods and pins designed to provide stabilization of a body part. The external skeletal apparatus may be attached directly to the bone

A

Fixator

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11
Q

An agent that acts with or enhances the action of another

A muscle that assists the action of the priv mover

A

Synergist

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12
Q

What causes Sebum to be Produced

A

Sebum is produced by sebaceous glands
These are found over most of the body
Few on hands and feet, none on palms
Most sebaceous glands open out into the hair follicle
Sebum is produced when the sebaceous gland disintegrates

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13
Q

Signs of Addison’s Disease

(Addison’s disease occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough of the hormone cortisoland, in some cases, the hormone aldosterone)

Disease also called: Adrenal Insufficiency, or Hyporcortisolism

A
  1. Muscle Weakness and Fatigue
  2. Weight loss and Decreased appetite
  3. Darkening of your skin
  4. Low blood Pressure, even Fainting
  5. Salt Craving
  6. Low Blood Sugar (hypoglycemia)
  7. Nausea, Diarrhea or Vomiting
  8. Muscle or Joint Pains
  9. Irritability
  10. Depression
  11. Body hair loss or sexual dysfunction in women
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14
Q

What is in the Thoracic Cavity

A 
LUNGS
HEART
AORTA
PULMONARY ARTERY
SUPERIOR + INFERIOR VENA CAVAE
TRACHEA
ESOPHAGUS PASSES THROUGH HERE
THYROID + THYMUS GLANDS
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15
Q

What is in the Dorsal Cavity

A

The Dorsal Cavity contains the Cranial Cavity and the Spinal Cavity
The only organ in the Dorsal Cavity is the BRAIN

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16
Q

Characteristics of a neuron

nerve cell that is the basic building block of the nervous system

A
  1. Neurons transmit information throughout the body
  2. Responsible for communicating information in both chemical and electrical forms
  3. Neurons stop reproducing shortly after birth
  4. Neurons have a membrane that sends information to other cells
  5. Neurons release chemicals known as neurotransmitters into synapses to communicate with other neurons
  6. Sensory neurons carry information from the sensory receptor cells throughout the body to brain
  7. Motor neurons transmit information from brain to muscles
  8. Interneurons are responsible for communicating information between different neurons in the body
17
Q

Function of Oligodendrocytes

type of cell in the central nervous system

A

Principle function- provide support to axons and to produce the Myelin sheath, which insulates axons

18
Q

Function of Abducens Nerves

A

Allows abduction of the eye

It tells your eyeball to move outward or peer toward your near shoulder

19
Q

Function of Acetylcholinesterase

also known as AChE

A

The enzyme which breaks down the neurotransmitter- acetylcholine(which sends messages between nerves, signaling muscle contractions)
It breaks acetycholine down into Choline and Acetic Acid after it has served its function

20
Q

Function of the Iris

9colored part of the eye)

A

The iris regulates the entrance of light into the eye

Also, spearates the anterior and posterior chamber of the eyeball and is perforated in the center by the pupil

21
Q

Function of the Cornea

A
  1. The cornea acts as the eye’s outermost lens. it functions like a window that controls and focuses the entry of light into the eye. The cornea contributes between 65-70% of the eye’s focusing power
  2. . It helps to shield the rest of the eye from germs, dust, and other harmful matter
22
Q

What is the Function of Cochlea

A

Function of the Cochlea is to transform the vibrations of the cochlear liquids and associated structures into a neural signal

This occurs at the organ of Corti

It is composed of sensory cells called hair cells, which convert vibration into neural messages, these messages are then carried to the brain

23
Q

Function of Eccrine Sweat Glands

Tubular structures that open directly at the top of the skin, between the hair follicles

A

Helps your body regulate its termperature

24
Q

Function of Osteoblast

cells that secrete the organic components of the bone matrix

A

Creation of Bone
Produce Bone Matrix
Increase of Bone Mass

25
Q

Function of Osteoclast

A

cells that break down and absorb, bone tissue back into the body

26
Q

Function of Autonomic Ganglia

A

It is how Central Nervous System (CNS) sends commands to rest of body

27
Q

Function of Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

A

Regulates key INVOLUNTARY function of the body

28
Q

Function of Visceral Sensory Area

A

The Awareness of Sensation
Such as: pain, pressure, fullness, organ movement, upset stomach, full bladder

Area of the Cerebral Cortex

29
Q

Function of Primary Somatosensory Cortex

A

Allows spatial discrimination the identify the region of the body being stimulated

Able to tell where sensation is coming from

30
Q

Function of Posterior Association Area

A

Recognizing Patterns, Faces

Taking several inputs + combining to form the “Big Picture”

31
Q

Function of Pyramids

A

Consists of tubules that transport urine from outer part of kidneys to calyces-
(cup-shaped cavity) where urine collects

32
Q

Function of Thalamus

A

All sensory inputs converge on Thalamus

Acts as a relay to the cerebral hemisphere

33
Q

Function of Post Association Area

A

Allows awareness of Spacial Location of body

“Body Sense”

34
Q

Function of Somatosensory Association Cortex

A

Integrates sensory inputs of objects being felt to produce a better understanding of them

35
Q

Function of Limbic System

A

Links emotion reactions to body response

Holds emotion part of brain

36
Q

Function of Limbic Association Area

A

Processes Emotion

Guides Emotional Responses

Helps form memories–translates that to motor responses

Important for social interactions + expressions of the personality

37
Q

What is action of Acetycholine

A

Excitatory neurotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal muscle

38
Q

How does light pass through eyes

A

CORNEA bends + focuses different rays of light that hit your eye
Then passes through your PUPIL
Then light hits you LENS (makes upside down image on back of your eyeball
That’s where RETINA is–made of light sensitive cells that send signal to your brain through OPTIC NERVE
Your brain interprets info sent from RETINA and forms image

HOE (55 decks)

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