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HD3 Path > Path 1 - Thyroid and Adrenal Cortex > Flashcards

Path 1 - Thyroid and Adrenal Cortex Flashcards

1
Q

when is a thyroglossal duct cyst most likely to present

A

kids to young adult

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2
Q

what is the etiology of a thyroglos duct cyst

A

remnant of thyroid descent

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3
Q

T/F thyroglos duct cyst can involve hyoid

A

TRUE

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4
Q

T/F thyroglos duct cyst are common site of thyroid tumors

A

FALSE

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5
Q

HLA allele associated with hashimoto

A

HLA-DR5

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6
Q

classic presentation of hashimoto

A

painless goiter with hypothyroidism

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7
Q

T/F hashimoto is associated w/ other diseases like SLE, sjogren, etc

A

TRUE

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8
Q

what demographic is hashimoto most likely to affect

A

women, 30-50

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9
Q

what type of hypersensitivity is hashimoto

A

Type IV

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10
Q

target cells destroyed in hashimoto

A

follicular cells

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11
Q

what 4 Ab are present in hashimoto

A

anti-TSH, microsome, thyroglobulin, follicular cell

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12
Q

what is a common histology of hashimoto

A

granular nonuniform inflammation w/ lymphocytes

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13
Q

what is the granulomatous form of thyroiditis called

A

deQuervain’s

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14
Q

classic presentation of deQuervain’s

A

granuloma and painful goiter

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15
Q

natural history of deQuervain’s

A

self-limiting

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16
Q

major pathophys of Riedel’s

A

fibrosis => can stimulate tumors

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17
Q

Graves’ triad

A

thyrotoxicosis + diffuse hyperplasia, ophthalmopathy (prop/dip), dermopathy (edema)

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18
Q

HLA allele for Graves’

A

HLA-DR3

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19
Q

what is produced in Graves’ disease

A

Ab that stimulate TSH receptor

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20
Q

what may be responsible for eye problems in graves’

A

anti-microsomal cross reacting with ocular muscles

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21
Q

which has less inflammation, Hashimoto’s or Graves

A

Graves

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22
Q

what is a defining histological finding in graves

A

papillary tufts of epithelium

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23
Q

what is the pathogenesis of multinodular goiter

A

iodine deficiency, chronic low stimulation

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24
Q

what thyroid state are pt with multinodular goiter

A

usually euthyroid, rarely hyperthyroid

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25
Q

what are two clinical presentations of multinod goiter

A

symmetric and asymmetric

26
Q

what is a path finding in multinod goiter

A

microfollicles and dilated follicles, fibrous tissue

27
Q

what is another name for multinodular goiter

A

nodular hyperplasia

28
Q

T/F follicular adenoma should have other nodules present

A

FALSE

29
Q

is a follicular adenoma hot or cold

A

cold

30
Q

does a follicular adenoma have a capsule

A

yes

31
Q

T/F nuclear atypia and mitotic figures visible in follicular adenoma

A

TRUE

32
Q

what special cell type is seen in follicular adenoma and hashimoto’s

A

hurthle cell

33
Q

which demographic are malignant thyroid seen in

A

young men

34
Q

solitary mass makes malignant thyroid more or less likely

A

more likely

35
Q

first line assessment of thyroid nodule

A

FNA cytology

36
Q

what % of thyroid carcinoma is papillary

A

80%

37
Q

what demographic is thyroid carcinoma found in

A

30-50 women

38
Q

where is papillary carcinoma derived from

A

follicular epithelial cells

39
Q

3 associations with papillary carcinoma

A

childhood neck irradiation, iodine excess, thyroiditis

40
Q

pathology body found in papillary carcinoma

A

psammoma body

41
Q

nuclear finding in papillary carcinoma

A

pseudoinclusion and grooves

42
Q

20 year survival in pap carc

A

> 90%

43
Q

T/F mets in pap carc = poor prognosis

A

FALSE

44
Q

genes commonly involved in pap carc

A

Ret, BRAF

45
Q

which thyroid cancer is more likely in the setting of iodine deficiency

A

follicular thyroid carcinoma

46
Q

gene associated with follic thy carc

A

PAXX8

47
Q

typical presentation of foll thy carc

A

enlarging mass, mets causing patho frx

48
Q

path hallmark of foll thy carc

A

vascular invasion and capsular invasion

49
Q

source of medullary thyroid carc

A

C-cells

50
Q

path hallmark of med thy carc

A

amyloid, calcitonin, neurosecretory granules

51
Q

pt population of anaplastic thy carc

A

70-80

52
Q

what is the most malignant thy carc

A

anaplastic thyroid carcinoma

53
Q

cause of primary hyperaldosteronism

A

adrenal adenoma (low renin)

54
Q

cause of secondary hyperaldosteronism

A

RAAS, CHF (high renin)

55
Q

clinical findings in hyperaldo

A

hypoK and HTN

56
Q

most common cause of cushing syndrome

A

exogenous

57
Q

definition of cushing’s disease

A

pituitary adenoma

58
Q

3 endogenous types of cushing syndrome

A

pituitary (cushing), adrenal, paraneoplastic (ACTH secreting)

59
Q

17a-hydroxlase deficiency effects

A

high min, low cort, low sex

60
Q

21-H deficiency effects

A

low min, low cort, high sex

61
Q

11b-H deficiency defects

A

low aldo/high 11-deoxy, low cort, high sex

62
Q

which thyroid cancer is linked to iodine EXCESS

A

papillary thyroid carcinoma

HD3 Path (2 decks)

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