Muscle Disease Flashcards

1
Q

what does biopsied muscle affected by polymyalgia rheumatica look like?

A

normal

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2
Q

myalgia

A

muscle pain

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3
Q

how do muscle diseases present?

A

myalgia
muscle weakness/tiredness
stiffness
abnormal blood tests

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4
Q

what are polymyositis & dermatomyositis?

A

idiopathic inflammatory myopathies

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5
Q

in which sex are polymyositis & dermatomyositis more common?

A

female

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6
Q

in which age group does the incidence of polymyositis & dermatomyositis peak?

A

40-50 years

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7
Q

what should a physician be aware of in a patient with polymyositis/dermatomyositis?

A

increased incidence of malignancy, particularly in dermatomyositis

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8
Q

what is the most common presenting feature of polymyositis/dermatomyositis?

A

muscle weakness

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9
Q

what is the onset of polymyositis/dermatomyositis like?

A

insidious, usually worsening over months

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10
Q

what cutaneous signs can you sometimes see in dermatomyositis?

A

Gottrons sign
Heliotope Rash
Shawl sign

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11
Q

Gottrons sign

A

red/purple areas over PIPJ & MCPJ

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12
Q

shawl sign

A

a rash that creates a v at the front of the chest & wraps around back of neck & tops of shoulders

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13
Q

which other organs can be involved in polymyositis/dermatomyositis?

A

lungs
oesophagus
heart
systemic

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14
Q

which malignancies is the risk of increased in patients with polymyositis/dermatomyositis?

A
ovarian 
breast 
stomach 
lung 
bladder 
colon
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15
Q

confrontational testing

A

direct testing of power

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16
Q

isotonic testing

A

30 seconds of sitting to standing

17
Q

what can you use to treat polymyositis/dermatomyositis?

A
glucocorticoids 
azathioprine 
methotrexate 
ciclosporin 
IV IG
18
Q

in which demographic group is inclusion body myositis commonest in?

A

men over 50

19
Q

what’s the commonest clinical feature of inclusion body myositis?

A

distal muscle weakness

20
Q

how is the weakness in inclusion body myositis usually distributed?

A

asymmetrically

21
Q

which joints are commonly affected by the weakness of inclusion body myositis?

A

wrist & finger flexors in upper limbs

quadriceps & anterior tibial muscles in legs

22
Q

what does a muscle biopsy show in inclusion body myositis?

A

inclusion bodies

23
Q

in which age group does polymyalgia rheumatica occur in?

A

50+

24
Q

what is polymyalgia rheumatic associated with?

A

temporal arteritis (GCA)

25
Q

temporal arteritis

A

inflammation of the vessel wall of the temporal artery

26
Q

what would a biopsy of a muscle affected by polymyalgia rheumatica look like?

A

normal

27
Q

what does polymyalgia rheumatica respond to rapidly & dramatically?

A

low does steroids

28
Q

is fibromyalgia associated with inflammation or not?

A

no

29
Q

which demographic group is fibromyalgia common in?

A

women 22-50 years

30
Q

what can trigger fibromyalgia?

A

emotional or physical trauma

31
Q

what common clinical finding would you need to diagnose fibromyalgia?

A

excessive tenderness on palpation of soft tissues in 11 out of 18 of the “tender points”