Atypical Cervical Vertebrae: C2/Axis/Epistropheus Flashcards

1
Q

What name is given to C2?

A

axis or epistropheus

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2
Q

What unique vertebral body modification is characteristic of C2?

A

the dens or odontoid process

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3
Q

What joint surfaces are present on the odontoid process of C2?

A

facet for fovea dentis, groove for transverse atlantal ligament, attchment sites for the alar ligaments, attachment site for the apical-dental ligament

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4
Q

Which joint classifications are represented at the odontoid process of C2?

A

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint and synovial pivot (diarthrosis trochoid) joint

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5
Q

What is the name given to the odontoid process when the facet for fovea dentis lies below the groove for the transverse atlantal ligament and the attachment sites for the apical-dental and alar ligaments appear to be directed anterior?

A

kyphotic dens

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6
Q

How many joints are formed by the inferior part of the vertebral body of C2?

A

five

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7
Q

What joint classifications are present at the inferior part of the vertebral body of C2?

A

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis, modified synovail saddle (diarthrosis sellar) and cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis

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8
Q

How many joint surfaces are present at the vertebral body of C2?

A

ten

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9
Q

What joint classifications are present at the vertebral body of C2?

A

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis, synovial pivot (diarthrosis trochoid), modified synovial saddle (diarthrosis sellar) and cartilaginous (amphiarthosis) symphysis

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10
Q

What is the name given to the odontoid process when the facet for fovea dentis lies above the groove for the transverse atlantal ligament and the attachment sites for the apical-dental and alar ligaments appear to be directed posterior?

A

lordotic dens

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11
Q

What ligaments willattach posteriorly, to the inferior epiphyseal rim of C2?

A

membrana tectoria andposterior longitudinal ligament

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12
Q

What ligament will represent the cranial continuation of the posterior longitudinal ligament?

A

membrana tectoria

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13
Q

What ligeament forms the anterior boundary for the spinal canal above C2?

A

membran tectoria

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14
Q

What ligament forms the anterior boundary for the spinal canal below C2?

A

posterior longitudinal ligament

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15
Q

What lies on the upper surface of the pedicle of C2?

A

the superior articular process

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16
Q

What is the location of the superior vertebral notch of C2?

A

on the lamina-pedicle junction

17
Q

What attaches to the lamina of C2?

A

obliquus capitis inferior muscle, posterior atlanto-axial ligament, ligamentum flavum

18
Q

What mucles attach to the lamina of C2?

A

obliquus capitis inferior

19
Q

What is the facet orientation of the superior articular facets of C2?

A

backward, upward, lateral (BUL)

20
Q

What is the orientation of the inferior articular facets of C2?

A

forward, lateral, and down (FoLD)

21
Q

What muscles attach to the articular processes of C2?

A

longissimus cervicis

22
Q

What osseous parts of the typical cervical transvere process are present C2?

A

costal element, posteior tubercle, true transverse process

23
Q

What is the gender variation for the transverse diamter of C2?

A

males: fifty-seven millimeters
femlaes: about fifty millimeters

24
Q

What muscles attach to the transverse process at C2?

A

levator scapulae, middle scalene, splenius cervicis, longissimus cervicis, and intertransversarii

25
Q

What is the characteristic apperacnce of the C2 spinous process in humans?

A

bifid

26
Q

What muscles attach to the spinous process of C2?

A

rectus capitis posterior major, obliquus capitis inferior, spinalis cervicis, semispinalis cervicis, multifidus, rotators, and interspinalis muscles