Sacrum Flashcards

1
Q

What part of the sacral ala is derived from the costal element?

A

the anterior two-thirds

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2
Q

The costal element and true transverse process of the sacrum unite to form what feature?

A

the sacral ala

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3
Q

How many fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint surfaces are present on the first sacral vertebral body?

A

four

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4
Q

How many joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of the first sacral segment?

A

five

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5
Q

What muscle(s) may attach to the first sacral vertebral body?

A

psoas major

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6
Q

What is the position of the sacral zygapophysis in adults?

A

the zygapophysis lies in the coronal plane for L5/S1

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7
Q

What is the orientation of the first sacral superior articular facet?

A

backward, upward, medial (BUM); typically concave

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8
Q

What is the name given to the projection on the first sacral superior aricular proess?

A

mammillary process

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9
Q

From the anterior view, the intervertebral discs of the sacrum will be replaced by what features?

A

transverse ridges

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10
Q

An imaginary line drawn along the dorsal midline of the sacrum is identified as the

A

median sacral crest

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11
Q

What forms the median sacral crest?

A

fused spinous processes and their spinous tubercles

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12
Q

What is the name given to the congenital condition in which the fifth lumbar spinous process is elongated, the sacrum exhibits spina bifida, and dorsiflexion produces pain?

A

knife clasp syndrome

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13
Q

An imaginary line drawn from the superior articular process of S1 to the sacral cornu will form what feature?

A

intermediate sacral crest

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14
Q

What forms the intermediate sacral crest?

A

fused articular processes and their facets

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15
Q

What features may be identified along the intermediate sacral crest?

A

the mammillary process of S1 and the sacral cornu of S5

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16
Q

What does the sacral cornu represent?

A

the inferior articular process and facet of S5

17
Q

What is the remnant of the inferior articular process and facet of S5?

A

the sacral cornu

18
Q

What is the name of the inferior opening of the sacral spinal canal?

A

the sacral hiatus

19
Q

What forms the lateral sacral crest?

A

the fused transverse processes and transverse tubercles from S1-S5

20
Q

What is the sacral tuberosity?

A

the enlarged transverse tubercle of S2

21
Q

What is the name of the joint formed the sacral tuberosity?

A

the accessory sacro-iliac joint

22
Q

What muscle is said to attach to the dorsal surface of sacrum?

A

iliacus

23
Q

What features is identified on the lateral surface of S1-S3?

A

auricular surface

24
Q

What features does the anterior surface of the superior epiphyseal rum of S1 form?

A

the sacral promontory

25
Q

The continuation of the posterior longitudinal ligament below S3 forms what ligament?

A

the deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligament

26
Q

What forms the posterior boundary for the fifth sacral spinal nerve intervertebral foramen?

A

sacral cornu, coccygeal cornu, superficial posterior scarococcygeal ligament and intercornual ligament

27
Q

What forms the anterior boundary for the fifth sacral spinal nerve intervertebral foramen?

A

vertebral body S5, vertebral body of Co1, deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligament and intervetbral disc

28
Q

What is the homolog for the posterior longitudinal ligament at S5?

A

deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligament

29
Q

What is the homolog for the anterior longitudinal ligament at S5?

A

anterior sacrococcygeal ligament

30
Q

What forms the inferior boundary for the spinal canal?

A

the union of the superficial posterior and deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligaments

31
Q

What ligament is formed by the union of the superficial posterior sacococcygeal and the deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligaments at Co1?

A

the posterior sacrococcygeal ligament

32
Q

What ligament is a homolog of the intertransverse ligament at S5?

A

lateral sacrococcygeal ligament

33
Q

Waht ligament divides the sciatic foramen into the greater and lesser sciatic foramina?

A

sacrospinous ligament

34
Q

Which ligament has a broad attachment along the lateral margin of the sacrum and coccyx and then attaches to the ischial tuberosity?

A

sacrotuberous ligament

35
Q

Which ligament represents a thickening of the fibrous capsule of the sacro-iliac joint?

A

anterior sacro-iliac ligament

36
Q

Which ligament is the strongest of the sacro-iliac ligaments and is penetrated by dorsal rami of the sacral spinal nerves?

A

interosseous scaro-iliac ligament

37
Q

Which ligament will attach the intermediate sacral crest of S1, lateral sacral crest of S2 to the posterior superior iliac spine?

A

short posterior sacro-illiac ligaments

38
Q

Which ligament attach the lateral sacral crest of S3 and S4 to the posteior superior ilaiac spine?

A

long posterior sacro-iliac ligament

39
Q

What is the homolog for the capsular ligament at S5?

A

intercornual ligament