Test 1 (Chapters 1, 2, 3)

Question 1

Correlation:

Answer 1

association between variables

r= 1.00 – 0 – + 1.00

Question 2

Experimentation:

Answer 2

eliminates experimental bias and permits inference of casual relationship

Question 3

Independent variable:

Answer 3

manipulated

Question 4

Dependent variable:

Answer 4

measure

Question 5

Neuron:

Answer 5

basic cell of nervous system, specialized to receive process and transmit information

Question 6

Sensory afferent neurons:

Answer 6

carry messages from sense organs to spinal cord or brain

Question 7

Motor efferent neurons:

Answer 7

carry messages from spinal cord or brain to muscles and glands

Question 8

soma

Answer 8

contain nucleus and passes info to axon

Question 9

axon

Answer 9

single long fiber extending from the cell body; it carries outgoing messages

Question 10

dendrites

Answer 10

pick up incoming messages from other neurons and transmit into the cell body

Question 11

terminals

Answer 11

release neurotransmitters

Question 12

myelin sheath

Answer 12

white fatty covering found on some axons

Question 13

The Cortex

Answer 13

projection areas and cerebral dominance (left vs. right hemispheres) covering of brain

Question 14

Frontal lobe

Answer 14

complex problem solving tasks

Question 15

Parietal:

Answer 15

receives sensory information from sense receptors all over the body

Question 16

Occipital

Answer 16

receives and processes visual information

Question 17

The Cerebellum

Answer 17

coordination and balance

Question 18

Prefrontal cortex

Answer 18

judgement, awarenes, goal directed

Question 19

Motor cortex

Answer 19

voluntary movement

Question 20

Somatosensory cortex

Answer 20

registers senory messages from the entire body

Question 21

thalamus

Answer 21

relays sense receptors

Question 22

hypothalamus

Answer 22

motivation and emotion

Question 23

medulla

Answer 23

respiration, life support

Question 24

spinal cord

Answer 24

reflexes

Question 25

synapse

Answer 25

: space between termanial and dentrite

Question 26

Neurotransmitters:

Answer 26

chemicals released by end of neurons to carry information across synapses

Question 27

sympathetic

Answer 27

arousal and preparation for emergency

Question 28

parasympathetic

Answer 28

returning to relaxed state after emergency

Question 29

cortex

Answer 29

convoluted or wrinkled covering of brain involved in highest level of processing

Question 30

cerebellum

Answer 30

regulation of motor control

Question 31

nature vs nurture

Answer 31

refers to relative influence of genetics and environment on behavior

Question 32

Identical twins:

Answer 32

identical genes, must be same sex, ideal control in genetic studies

Question 33

polygenetic traits

Answer 33

determined by many genes

Question 34

retina

Answer 34

lining of eye containing receptor cells sensitive to light

Question 35

rods

Answer 35

black and white (night vision)

Question 36

cones

Answer 36

color, different wavelength receptors

Question 37

fovea

Answer 37

center of visual field

Question 38

blind spot

Answer 38

axon of all ganglion cells leave eye and no receptors

Question 39

two wyes

Answer 39

provide binocular vision which is involved in depth perception

Question 40

audition

Answer 40

: Bones transmit information across middle ear

Question 41

cochlea

Answer 41

contains hair cells where sound is transformed into nerve signals

Question 42

sense of smell

Answer 42

pheromones

Question 43

sense of taste

Answer 43

salt, sweet, sour and bitter

Question 44

sense of balance

Answer 44

Vestibular sense and sea sickness)

Question 45

somethesis

Answer 45

pressure, hot, cold and pain