Chapter 15

Question 1

Authority

Answer 1

justifiable right to exercise power

Question 2

Charismatic Authority

Answer 2

based on the personal appeal of an individual leader

Question 3

Traditional Authority

Answer 3

based on the appeals to the past or a long established way of doing things

Question 4

Legal-Rational Authority

Answer 4

based on legal, impersonal rules that have been routinized and rationalized

Question 5

Bureaucracy

Answer 5

legal-rational organization or mode of administration that governs by rules and roles and emphasizes meritocracy

Question 6

The Milgram Experiment

Answer 6

tested people to see how far they would go in obeying an authority figure. Results = obedience’s to authority is a very powerful form of social control that can make “ordinary” people do unspeakable things

Question 7

Power

Answer 7

ability to carry out one’s will despite resistance

Question 8

Dominance

Answer 8

probability that a command with specific content will be obeyed by a given group of people

Question 9

Domination by Economic Power vs. Domination by Authority

Answer 9

Domination by Economic Power = monopolies

Domination by Authority = willing obedience of the ruled to the commands of legitimate authority

Question 10

The State

Answer 10

ex: Nazi Germany

ULTIMATE example of domination by authority

Question 11

Coersion

Answer 11

use of force, as opposed to authority, to get others to do what you want

Question 12

International State System

Answer 12

produced European states through colonization and subsequent decisions

Question 13

Welfare State

Answer 13

system in which the state is responsible for the welfare of its citizens

Question 14

Sociologist T. H. Marshall identified three types of citizen rights

Answer 14

Civil Rights: personal freedom from interference
Political Rights: Right to vote/hold office
Social Rights: Protection by the state

Question 15

Three Dimensions of Power

Answer 15

1st: outright conflict resulting in one side “winning”
2nd: power that is so imposed that it seems pointless to resist
3rd: averting conflict all together by limiting peoples choice

Question 16

Impossibility Theorem

Answer 16

shows how difficult it is for people to express their true, first-choice desires when selecting between more than two alternatives

Question 17

Hard Power

Answer 17

use of military or economic force to influence behavior

Question 18

Soft Power

Answer 18

use of cultural or ideological means to influence behavior

Question 19

Thomas Hobbes

Answer 19

believed that the state of nature is chaos and that people submit to authority (the state) as a means of survival

Question 20

John Locke

Answer 20

argued that people live in peace and equality in the state of nature but that they ultimately submit to authority (the state) for financial reasons (property)

Question 21

Theory of Collective Action

Answer 21

states that it is harder to organize larger groups that smaller ones because less accountability exists in larger groups and individuals in larger groups may find it easier to slack off and not do their part

Question 22

Political Participation

Answer 22

any activity that has the intent or effect of influencing government action

Question 23

Civil Volunteerism Model

Answer 23

focuses of individual- level traits that affect how politically active a person is