Endocrinology

Question 1

Islets of Langerhans

Answer 1

Pancreas cells with endocrine function

Question 2

beta cells of islet of langerhans secrete

Answer 2

Insulin

Question 3

Alpha cells of islet of langerhans secrete

Answer 3

Glucagon

Question 4

GLUT2

Answer 4

Express well on cell surface in pancreatic beta cells and liver

Question 5

GLUT4

Answer 5

Larger intracellular pool in muscle/fat; insulin signal transduction –> GLUT4 translocates to cell surface

Question 6

GLUT1 (all tissues) and GLUT3 (brain)

Answer 6

work constantly and express well on cell surface to maintain glucose levels

Question 7

Insulin function

Answer 7

Lower blood glucose by increasing tissue uptake of glucose

Question 8

Glucagon function

Answer 8

Increase blood glucose by moving it from cells to blood

Question 9

Type 1 diabetes

Answer 9

Destroyed beta cells - autoimmune disease

Question 10

Type 2 diabetes

Answer 10

Insulin resistance due to impaired signal transduction mechanism of insulin receptor - beta cells are unresponsive to elevated blood glucose

Question 11

Site of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) secretion

Answer 11

Hypothalamus

Question 12

Site of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion

Answer 12

Anterior pituitary

Question 13

Site of cortisol secretion

Answer 13

Adrenal cortex

Question 14

Site of aldosterone secretion

Answer 14

Adrenal cortex

Question 15

Site of epinephrine/adrenaline secretion

Answer 15

Adrenal medula

Question 16

HPA axis

Answer 16

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; responsible for stress response

Question 17

Where are circadian rhythms regulated?

Answer 17

The suprachiasmatic nucleus