Rx Cardio Flashcards
Aortic Stenosis Murmur
C-D systolic ejection murmor
Loudest at heart base; radiates to carotids
can lead to SAD on exertion (Syncope, Angina, Dyspnea)
MR/TR (mitral/tricuspid regurg) Murmur
Holosystolic, high-pitched “blowing murmur”
Mitral - loudest at apex and radiates towards axilla
Tricuspid - loudest at tricuspid and radiates to right sternal border
MVP (mitral valve prolapse) Murmur
late systolic crescendo murmur with midsystolic click (b/c tensing of chordae tendineae)
MOST FREQUENT
loudest over apex, just before S2, usu benign.
assoc Marfan/Ehlers-Danlos
VSD Murmur
Holosystolic, harsh-sounding or blowing 2-3/6 murmur
loudest at tricuspid area
best hear at left sternal boarder
AR (aortic regurg) Murmur
High-pitched “blowing” early diastolic decrescendo murmor
MS (mitral stenosis) Murmur
delayed rumbling late diastolic murmor, follows opening snap
worse prognosis if decr interval between S2 and OS (opening snap)
PDA Murmur
Continuous machine-like murmur
loudest at S2
best heard at left infraclavicular area
Ortner’s Syndrome
hoarseness due to enlargement of LA -> compresses L recurrent Laryngeal n. as it hooks around aorta at Ligamentum arteriosum
most common etiology of mitral stenosis
rheumatic heart disease
S. pyogenes (group A streptococci) -> rheumatic fever
PDA infectious cause &
presentation in mother
Rubella
maculopapular rash beginning in the face and spreading down the body
PDA definition and presentation
BF b/w left pulmonary artery and aorta
exercise intolerance, wide pulse pressure
How do you measure SV
EDV-ESV
HR/CO
How do you measure CO using oxygen consumption and content?
CO = O2 consumption by whole body (ml/min)/(arterial O2 - venous O2)
how do you measure HR with R-R interval?
1/RR x 60 sec/min
what is gold standard for dx MI w/i 6 hr of onset of sx?
ECG
ST elevation = transmural infarct
ST depression = subendocardial infarct
Q waves = transmural infarct
