Growth Adaptations Flashcards
What are some methods of Hypertrophy?
- Gene activation=> protein synthesis
2. Production of organelles
Give an example of Hypertrophy and Hyperplasia? Which cells can only undergo hypertrophy (*high yield)? What are some examples of hypertrophic cell types?
Uterus during pregnancy
*Permanent cells
Cardiac, Skeletal, and Nerve
In atrophy, a decrease in cell number will occur due to what MOA? Decrease in Size occurs due to what MOAs?
Apoptosis
- Ubiquitin-proteosome (“post-it note”) degradation pathway for cytoskeleton
- Autophagy for the organelles
Metaplasia is caused by change in? Where does it most commonly affect? MOA? Is Metaplasia reversible? Is dysplasia reversible?
Stress
Surface epithelium
MOA: reprogramming of stem cells
Yes, if you remove the driving stressor
Yes, if you remove the driving stressor
What vitamin def. can lead to metaplasia? What disease results from this metaplasia?* Why?
Vitamin A
*Keratomalacia: squamous epithelium of the conjunctiva unable to maintain integrity
What disease results in the formation of blast cells due to the disruption of vitamin A receptor? why?
Vitamin A def.=> formation of blast cells and unable to mature
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (t15; 17)
Myositis Ossificans is a disease where what happens? What is due to?
Trauma to the muscles inflame it then bone ossifies.
Metaplasia
CIN in endometrial tissue is what kind of growth (what kind of -plasia)? What is it due to?
Dysplasia
Due to long standing hyperplasia (endometrial hyperplasia) or metaplasia (barrett’s esophagus)
Unilateral renal agenesis are indicative of what kind of -plasia? Why?
aplasia
Failed cell growth
Streak ovaries in Turner’s syndrome are indicative of what kind of -plasia? Why?
Hypoplasia
Decreased cell growth=> small organ (i.e. streak ovaries)
