Biology of Cancer

Question 1

DNA damage is not a mutation until when?

Answer 1

Translation

Question 2

HNPCC is due to what type of DNA defect?

Answer 2

Mismatch repair

Question 3

Ataxia telangiectasia is due to what type of DNA defect?

Answer 3

ATM gene - DNA damage recognition

Question 4

BRCA-1,2 (predisposition to breast cancer) is due to what kind of DNA defect?

Answer 4

repair by homologous recombination

Question 5

Xeroderma pigmentosum is due to what kind of DNA defect?

Answer 5

Nucelotide excision repair (NER)

Question 6

These cells are anchor independent, resistant to senescence, and resistant to apoptosis

Answer 6

Malignant cells

Question 7

This results from gain of function mutations of a growth promoting gene

Answer 7

Oncogene

Question 8

Normal genes that encode growth-inhibiting products that show loss of function in cancer cells

Answer 8

Tumor suppressor genes

Question 9

c-onc refers to

Answer 9

proto-oncogenes

Question 10

Ras stimulates what pathway, which in turn activates transcription?

Answer 10

MAP kinase cascade

Question 11

When Ras remains activated, how does this effect the cell cycle?

Answer 11

Mitosis is activated and remains activated

Question 12

What is bound to Ras to activate it?

Answer 12

GTP

Question 13

What is the tumor suppressor that is responsible for turning off the Ras complex?

Answer 13

NF-1 (neurofibromin)

Question 14

Rb binds to what protein to arrest the cell cycle from inappropriate proliferation?

Answer 14

E2F

Question 15

Tumor Suppressor Gene for Retinoblastoma

Answer 15

Rb

Question 16

Rb regulates what cell cycle checkpoint?

Answer 16

G1/S

Question 17

Transcription factor that regulates cell cycle, DNA repair, and programmed cell death

Answer 17

p53

Question 18

What is the most frequent mutation leading to cancer?

Answer 18

p53

Question 19

Li Fraumeni syndrome is a genetic defect in what transcription factor?

Answer 19

p53

Question 20

This factor determines breast cancer prognosis

Answer 20

p27

Question 21

Low levels of p27 in breast cancer patients show what kind of outcome?

Answer 21

poor

Question 22

Sporadic colon cancer is due to a mutation in what?

Answer 22

APC (adenomatous polyposis coli)

Question 23

The death receptor pathway is activated by

Answer 23

initiator and execution caspases

Question 24

Philadelphia Chromosome is due to a rearrangement in what 2 chromosomes

Answer 24

9:22

Question 25

95% of all CML patients contain what?

Answer 25

The Philadelphia Chromosome

Question 26

The Philadelphia Chromosome translocation creates a fusion of what two proteins?

Answer 26

bcr-abl

Question 27

abl is what type of proto-oncogene?

Answer 27

tyrosine kinase

Question 28

The presence of c-myc gene puts a patient at a greater risk for what myeloproliferative disease?

Answer 28

Burkitt's Lymphoma

Question 29

The N-myc gene is present in what disease?

Answer 29

Neuroblastoma

Question 30

The proto-oncogene occurs as double-minutes when activated

Answer 30

N-myc

Question 31

Methotrexate targets what synthesis?

Answer 31

thymidylate synthase in purine synthesis

Question 32

Cyclophosphamide and cisplatin are what kind of DNA damaging agent?

Answer 32

Alkylating agents

Question 33

Alklyating agents, used in cancer treatment, damage DNA so heavily it triggers what?

Answer 33

Apoptosis

Question 34

Gleevac (Imatinib) binds what oncogenic protein and inactivates it?

Answer 34

bcr-abl tyrosine kinase

Question 35

Gleevac would be used to treat what disease?

Answer 35

CML