Lecture 1

Question 1

What are the principal components of innate immunity?

Answer 1

1. physical and chemical barriers
2. Phagocytic cells (mono/macrophages, dendritic cells, NK cells, lymphoid cells)
3. blood proteins (complement system and inflammatory)

Question 2

What response will continue to increase in strength after continued exposure to a specific Ag, and become more efficient with each exposure?

Answer 2

acquired/specific/ adaptive response.

- stimulated by innate response

Question 3

What are the principal components to adaptive immunity?

Answer 3

1. lymphocytes

2. Ab secreted by lymphocytes.

Question 4

What are cytokines??

Answer 4

secreted proteins with diverse structure and function, that will coordinate activities of cells during innate or adaptive immunity.

Question 5

Chemokines

Answer 5

subset of cytokines that are responsible for cell migration/movement to areas

Question 6

What are the two types of adaptive immune responses?

Answer 6

1. humoral (mediated by blood and mucosal secretions. includes B lymphocytes)
2. Cell-mediated immunity (mediated by T lymphocytes when the Ag sets up camp inside host cells)

Question 7

Describe the difference between active and passive immunity.

Answer 7

1. Active: when your body forms the proper Ab in response to an Ag that was introduced into the system
2. Passive: Ab from an outside source are introduced into the system in order to combat a specific or expectant Ag.

Question 8

What area do lymphocytes recognize on Ag?

Answer 8

1. determinant or epitope

2. smallest recognized is 3-4AA and 5-6 polysaccharides

Question 9

How can the adaptive immune system keep up with the rapid level of division of Ag or infectious pathogens?

Answer 9

1. the use of clonal expansion which increases the number of cells with the specific Ag receptor

Question 10

T lymphocytes respond to Ag specifically.

True/Fale?

Answer 10

False, T cells only respond to and recognize surface-associated Ag, and MHC complexes.

B lymphocytes can respond to the specific Ag bc of humoral immunity nature

Question 11

What are the effects of a B lymphocyte recognizing a microbe and where will this microbe have to be found?

Answer 11

1. found extracellularly

2. microbe is neutralized via Ab secretion, Phagocytosis, Complement system activation

Question 12

Th1 is a class (subset) of Th cells that contribute to generating what type of response?

Answer 12

activation of macrophages

Question 13

T17 is a class (subset) of Th cells that contribute to generating what type of response?

Answer 13

activation of inflammation

Question 14

Th2 is a class (subset) of Th cells that contribute to generating what type of response?

Answer 14

Activation of T/B cells (proliferation and differentiation)

Question 15

What is the process of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) after they become activated?

Answer 15

Kill infected cells

Question 16

What is the primary function of regulatory T lymphocytes?

Answer 16

suppress the other lymphocytes

Question 17

What is an immunogen?

Answer 17

1. immunogen is a Ag that stimulates an immune response.

- not all Ag are immunogens

Question 18

What are APP; Acute phase protein

Answer 18

Blood protein whose concentration changes in response to inflammation, burns, or acute infection.

Question 19

What are the functional steps of phagocytic activation?

Answer 19

1. recruitment of cells
2. recognition of microbes
3. ingestion of microbes via phagocytosis
4. destruction of ingested microbes.

Question 20

What is the primary function of the leukocyte?

Answer 20

1. mediate the early phase of the inflammatory response

Question 21

What cells are known to play a role in both innate and adaptive immunity?

Answer 21

1. mast cells
2. Basophils
3. eosinophils
4. tissue macrophages

Question 22

Dendritic cells are classified as a professional level of APC, and therefore mediate what?

Answer 22

1. APC mediate the activation of the adaptive immune response by strongly activating T cells