Ch 11 Prokaryotes

Question 1

What is the first five letters of the greek alphabet for proteobacteria?

Answer 1

Alpha Beta Gamma Delta Epsilon

Question 2

What is an example of alpha-proteobacteria and what is it known for?

Answer 2

Wolbachia, most common infectious bacteria

Question 3

What is an example of beta-proteobacteria and what is it known for?

Answer 3

Spirillum, fresh water

Question 4

What is an example of gamma-proteobacteria and what is it known for?

Answer 4

Pseudomonas, soil

Question 5

What is an example of delta-proteobacteria and what is it known for?

Answer 5

Bdellovibrio, attacks Gram-negative bacteria

Question 6

What is an example of epsilon-proteobacteria and what is it known for?

Answer 6

Helicobacter pylori, stomach cancer

Question 7

I. Gram-positive A. Endospore-forming rod 1. Obligate anaerobe = 2. Not obligate anaerobe = B. Non-endospore-forming 1. Cells are rods a. Produce conidiospores = b. Acid-fast = 2. Cells are cocci a. Lack cytochrome system = b. Use aerobic respiration = II. Gram-negative A. Cells are helical or curved 1. Axial filament = 2. No axial filament = B. Cells are rods 1. Aerobic, nonfermenting = 2. Facultatively anaerobic = III. Lack cell walls = IV. Obligate intracellular parasites A. Transmitted by ticks = B. reticulate bodies in host cells =

Answer 7

I. Gram-positive A. Endospore-forming rod 1. Obligate anaerobe = Clostridium 2. Not obligate anaerobe = Bacillus B. Non-endospore-forming 1. Cells are rods a. Produce conidiospores = Streptomyces b. Acid-fast = Mycobacterium 2. Cells are cocci a. Lack cytochrome system = Streptococcus b. Use aerobic respiration = Staphylococcus II. Gram-negative A. Cells are helical or curved 1. Axial filament = Treponema 2. No axial filament = Spirillum B. Cells are rods 1. Aerobic, nonfermenting = Pseudomonas 2. Facultatively anaerobic = Escherichia coli III. Lack cell walls = Mycoplasma IV. Obligate intracellular parasites A. Transmitted by ticks = Rickettsia B. reticulate bodies in host cells = Chyamydia

Question 8

List the classification of bacteria domain Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, and domain archaea

Answer 8

Phyla-Class-Notes Gram-positive bacteria Firmicutes-Clostridia-low G+C Gram-negative bacteria Chlamydia-Chlamydiae-grow in eukaryotic cells Archaea Euryarchaeota-Methanobacteria-grow methane

Question 9

What is a gene?

Answer 9

DNA codes for a protein

Question 10

What are ribosomes?

Answer 10

Rees: DNA that codes for a 16S RNA sequence. Google: a minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins, found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells. They bind messenger RNA and transfer RNA to synthesize polypeptides and proteins.

Question 11

What is special about archae?

Answer 11

Do not cause disease in humans or animals

Question 12

What are the two basic needs of life?

Answer 12

Source of carbon Source of electrons

Question 13

What are three types of archae?

Answer 13

Thermophiles Halophiles Methanogens

Question 14

Name five photosynthetic bacteria

Answer 14

Cyanobacteria-produce O2-Anabaena Chlorobi-green sulfur, anoxygenic-Chlorobium Cholorflexi-green nonsulfur, anoxygenic-Chlorobium Purple sulfur-Chromatium Purple nonsulfur-Rhodospirillum

Question 15

Which bacterial genus is responsible for the most illnesses and greatest variety of disease?

Answer 15

Streptococcus

Question 16

What is special about mycoplasmatles?

Answer 16

Lack cell wall Smallest self-replicating organism

Question 17

What does pleomorphic mean?

Answer 17

Looks different each time viewed

Question 18

Which phylum is high G+C?

Answer 18

Acinobacteria

Question 19

Name the four ways bacteria reproduces

Answer 19

Binary fission - primary reproduction Budding - yeasts Snapping - chisms (sp) fragmentation Spores - not endospores

Question 20

Name the characteristics of archae

Answer 20

Lack peptidoglycan Cocci, bacilli, spirals Non-disease causing in humans

Question 21

Name two Gram positive bacteria, low and high G+C

Answer 21

Firmicutes - C. diff low G+C Actinobacteria - high G+C

Question 22

What kind of gas do cyanobacteria produce?

Answer 22

Oxygen during photosynthesis

Question 23

What does G and C stand for?

Answer 23

Guanine and cytosine

Question 24

What oxygen environment does Bacillus live? Spore producing?

Answer 24

Facultative anaerobe, endospore

Question 25

What oxygen environment does Staphylococcus live? Spore producing?

Answer 25

Facultative anaerobe, non-spore, yellow

Question 26

What oxygen environment does Clostridium live? Spore producing?

Answer 26

Obligate anaerobe, endospore

Question 27

Where does Enterococcus live?

Answer 27

GI tract, vagina, oral tract

Question 28

What causes tuberculosis and leprosy?

Answer 28

Mycobacterium

Question 29

What causes a rash?

Answer 29

Infection Vasodilation

Question 30

What is the cause of 1 in 10 nosocomial infections

Answer 30

Pseudomonas

Question 31

What disease is caused by chickens?

Answer 31

Salmonella

Question 32

Where does haemophilus strike?

Answer 32

Mucous membranes of upper respiratory tract, meningitis, ear aches

Question 33

What is bdellovibrio do?

Answer 33

Attacks other bacteria

Question 34

What is a fruiting body?

Answer 34

The spore-producing organ of a fungus

Question 35

Where do desulfovibrionales live?

Answer 35

GI tract

Question 36

Which bacterial have the most complex bacterial life cycle?

Answer 36

Myxococcales

Question 37

What does heliobacteria cause?

Answer 37

Cancer, ulcers, asthma

Question 38

Differentiate elementary body from reciulate body

Answer 38

Elementary: an infectious particle of any of several microorganisms; especially : a chlamydial cell Reticulate: The reticulate body is the stage of the chlamydial developmental cycle responsible for intracellular replication.

Question 39

Where do spirochaetes live?

Answer 39

GI tract

Question 40

Where do fusobacteria live?

Answer 40

Oral cavity

Question 41

How many species are in Bergey’s?

Answer 41

3,000