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Physiology II > Lecture 4 > Flashcards

Lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

O1-S1

Which of the following include free nerve endings responding to pain?

A. Chemoreceptors
B. Thermoreceptors
C. Nociceptors
D. Mechanoreceptors

A

C. Nociceptors

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2
Q

O1-S1
Match the following with which type of the 5 basic receptors it is?

  1. Cold and warm receptors
  2. Ruffini’s corpuscles (spray endings)
  3. Taste and smell
  4. Osmolarity
  5. Free nerve endings responding to pain
  6. Hearing receptors of cochlea
  7. Baroreceptors
  8. Skin tactile sensibilities
  9. Arterial oxygen
  10. Deep tissue sensibilities
  11. Vestibular receptors for equilibrium
  12. Rods and cones in eye
  13. Blood carbon dioxide
  14. Pacinian corpuscles (encapsulated endings)
  15. Blood glucose, AAs, FAs
A
  1. Thermoreceptors
  2. Mechanoreceptors
  3. Chemoreceptors
  4. Chemoreceptors
  5. Nociceptors
  6. Mechanoreceptors
  7. Mechanoreceptors
  8. Mechanoreceptors
  9. Chemoreceptors
  10. Mechanoreceptors
  11. Mechanoreceptors
  12. Electromagnetic receptors
  13. Chemoreceptors
  14. Mechanoreceptors
  15. Chemoreceptors
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3
Q

O1-S1

Many receptors of which category work by detecting hydrogen ions, so are really pH receptors?

A. Chemoreceptors
B. Thermoreceptors
C. Nociceptors
D. Mechanoreceptors

A

A. Chemoreceptors

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4
Q

O1-S1

Which receptors include free and encapsulated tip endings of skin tactile and deep tissue sensibilities?

A. Chemoreceptors
B. Thermoreceptors
C. Nociceptors
D. Mechanoreceptors

A

D. Mechanoreceptors

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5
Q

O1-S2

Explain what it means that receptors have “differential sensibility”

A

Each type of receptor is highly sensitive to one type of stimulus and is almost nonresponsive to other types of stimuli.

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6
Q

O1-S3

What is a Modality?
What are some examples of modalities?

A

Refers to each of the principal types of sensation

I.e. Somatic motor, somatic sensory

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7
Q

O1-S4

What is the labeled line principle?

A

Refers to the specificity of nerve fibers for transmitting only one modality of sensation.

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8
Q

O1-S7

What happens to sensory receptors when they receive a constant stimulus for an extended period of time?

A. Receptors die
B. Adapt partially
C. Adapt completely
D. Adapt partially or completely

A

D. All sensory receptors adapt either partially or completely to any constant stimulus after a long period of time.

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9
Q

O1-S7

T/F: All sensory receptors adapt to the same extent/

A

False, some receptors adapt to a far greater extent than others.

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10
Q

O1-S7

Which receptor has been observed to adapt almost instantly?

A. Meissner’s corpuscles
B. Pacinian corpuscles
C. Nociceptors
D. Taste receptors

A

B. Pacinian receptors

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11
Q

O1-S5

What are the four mechanisms of stimulation for receptors

A

Mechanical deformation
Application of a chemical
Temperature change
Electromagnetic radiation

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12
Q

O1-S6

At what point can a receptor potential create and action potential?

A

When the receptor potential reaches threshold

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13
Q

O1-S6

T/F: AP can only reach a certain maximum potential.

A

True

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14
Q

O1-S6

As receptor potential increases, APs are ________ __________.

A

Closer together/More rapid

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15
Q

O1-S6

Depolarization in which area of the Pacinian corpuscle initiates the local/receptor potential?

A. Cell body
B. Node of Ranvier
C. Axon hillock
D. Deformed area

A

D. Deformed area

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16
Q

O1-S6

How does to receptor potential initiated at the deformed area initiate an action potential?

A

If the RP is large enough, the RP reaches the first node of Ranvier causing an action potential to occur

17
Q

O1-S6

Describe the relationship between stimulus intensity/strength and the receptor potential.

A

The increase in amplitude of the receptor potential progressively decreases as the stimulus strength increases.

Stimulus strength 10% = receptor potential amplitude 10%
Stimulus strength 20% = receptor potential amplitude 50% (40% ^^)
Stimulus strength 30% = receptor potential amplitude 70% (20% ^^)

18
Q

O1-S6

What does relationship between stimulus intensity/strength and the receptor potential allow receptors to do?

A

Receptors can be sensitive to very weak sensory experiences and yet not reach a maximum firing rate until the sensory experience is extreme.

Allows extreme range of response (very weak to very intense)

19
Q

O1-S8

Tonic or Phasic receptor?

  1. Slow adapting
  2. Stimulated only when stimulus strength changes
  3. Transmits info regarding the rate of change
  4. Detects continuous stimulus strength
  5. Rapidly adapting
  6. Transmits impulses as long as stimulus is present
  7. Does not transmit a continuous signal
A
  1. Tonic
  2. Phasic
  3. Phasic
  4. Tonic
  5. Phasic
  6. Tonic
  7. Phasic
20
Q

O1-S8

What are some types of tonic receptors?

A 
Muscle spindles
Golgi tendon organs
Macula and vestibular receptors 
Baroreceptors
Chemoreceptors

Mike Gave Mo Big Cocks

21
Q

O1-S9

What types of fibers are present in most spinal nerves?
What types of fibers are in most peripheral nerves and all postganglionic autonomic fibers?

A. Type C; Type A
B. Type B; Type C
C. Type alpha; Type C
D. Type A; Type C

A

D. Type A; Type C

22
Q

O1-S9

Type A fiber description and in what types of nerves are they present
Type C fibers description and in what types of nerves are they present

A

Type A - large and medium-sized myelinated fibers of spinal nerves
Type C - small, unmyelinated fibers that conduct signals at a low velocity; sensory fibers in most periph nerves and most postganglionic autonomic fibers

23
Q

O1-S9

Which Sensory nerve group are fibers from Golgi tendon organs?

A. Group Ia (Type A-alpha)
B. Group Ib (Type A-alpha)
C. Group III (Type A-delta)
D. Group IV (Type C)

A

B. Group Ib (Type A-alpha)

24
Q

O1-S9

Which Sensory nerve group are fibers that carry temperature, crude touch, and pricking pain?

A. Group III (Type A-delta)
B. Group II (Type A-beta,gamma)
C. Group Ib (Type A-alpha)
D. Group IV (Type C)

A

A. Group III (Type A-delta)

25
Q

O1-S9

Which Sensory nerve group are fibers that carry pain, itch, temperature, and crude touch?

A. Group II (Type A-beta,gamma)
B. Group III (Type A-delta)
C. Group IV (Type C)
D. Group Ia (Type A-alpha)

A

C. Group IV (Type C)

26
Q

O1-S9

Which Sensory nerve group are fibers from annuluspiral endings of muscle spindles?

A. Group Ib (Type A-alpha)
B. Group Ia (Type A-alpha)
C. Group II (Type A-beta,gamma)
D. Group III (Type A-delta)

A

B. Group Ia (Type A-alpha)

27
Q

O1-S9

Which Sensory nerve group are fibers from cutaneous tactile receptors and flower-spray?

A. Group Ib (Type A-alpha)
B. Group Ia (Type A-alpha)
C. Group II (Type A-beta,gamma)
D. Group III (Type A-delta)

A

C. Group II (Type A-beta,gamma)

28
Q

O1-S9

As diameter of fibers increase, conduction velocity ________?

A. Decreases
B. Stays the same
C. Increases
D. Decreases, then increases

A

C. Increases

29
Q

Review figure 47-6

A

Write out sensory functions and give answer for correct general classification and sensory nerve classification

30
Q

O1-S1

What are the five basic types of sensory receptors?

A 
Mechanorecpetors
Thermoreceptors
Nociceptors
Electromagnetic receptors
Chemoreceptors

Physiology II (4 decks)

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